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California Chargeback Dispute Defense

Protect your business from fraudulent chargebacks and friendly fraud. Learn how to fight invalid disputes using card network rules, Regulation E, and compelling evidence.

30 Days
Visa Response Deadline
~80%
Friendly Fraud Rate
$125B
Annual Chargeback Losses
Fighting Fraudulent Chargebacks in California

Chargebacks are a legitimate consumer protection mechanism, but increasingly they're abused by customers who received valid goods or services. "Friendly fraud" - where customers dispute legitimate charges - costs merchants billions annually. California merchants have the right to fight back.

Act Fast: Chargeback response deadlines are strict. Missing your deadline means automatic loss, regardless of how strong your evidence is. Visa gives 30 days, Mastercard 45 days, Amex 20 days. Your processor may have shorter internal deadlines.
Types of Chargebacks
Type Description Win Rate
True Fraud Stolen card used without cardholder's knowledge Low - Difficult to win without 3DS
Friendly Fraud Customer disputes legitimate purchase they made High - Win with proper evidence
Merchant Error Duplicate charge, wrong amount, processing mistake Low - Accept if merchant at fault
Service Dispute Customer claims non-receipt or not as described Moderate - Evidence-dependent
Subscription Dispute Customer claims they canceled or didn't authorize renewal Moderate - Terms and consent evidence key

Why Chargebacks Hurt Merchants

  • Lost revenue: Refund plus chargeback fee ($20-$100)
  • Lost merchandise: Customer often keeps product
  • Processing penalties: High chargeback ratios risk account termination
  • Time costs: Hours spent gathering evidence and responding
  • Monitoring programs: Visa/MC penalties for exceeding thresholds

Your Defense Options

  • Representment: Fight through card network process
  • Pre-arbitration: Second chance after initial loss
  • Arbitration: Final card network appeal ($500+ fee)
  • Direct customer contact: Resolve outside dispute process
  • Civil litigation: Sue for fraud in egregious cases
Chargeback Ratio Thresholds: Visa's dispute monitoring program flags merchants at 0.9% ratio (100+ disputes). Mastercard's threshold is 1.5%. Exceeding these triggers fines, monitoring fees, and potential account termination. Fighting invalid chargebacks keeps your ratio healthy.
Understanding Chargeback Reason Codes

Each chargeback comes with a reason code that determines what evidence you need to fight it. Understanding the specific code is essential for building your representment case.

Visa Reason Codes (Most Common)
Code Description Defense Strategy
10.4 Other Fraud - Card Absent Environment 3DS proof, AVS/CVV match, device fingerprint, prior transactions
13.1 Merchandise/Services Not Received Delivery confirmation, tracking, signed receipt, download logs
13.2 Canceled Recurring Transaction Cancellation policy, proof no cancel request received, terms
13.3 Not As Described Product description, customer communication, return policy
13.6 Credit Not Processed Refund confirmation, timing evidence, terms violation by customer
Mastercard Reason Codes
Code Description Defense Strategy
4837 No Cardholder Authorization Authorization records, 3DS, customer verification data
4853 Cardholder Dispute (Goods/Services) Delivery proof, customer communications, product as described
4863 Cardholder Does Not Recognize Billing descriptor match, customer contact history, order details
4834 Duplicate Processing Proof transactions are distinct, different services/dates

Regulation E (Electronic Fund Transfer Act)

12 C.F.R. Part 1005

Governs debit card and ACH chargebacks. Provides consumers 60 days to report unauthorized transactions. Merchants can challenge by proving authorization or that consumer benefited from transaction.

Code-Specific Evidence: Generic responses lose. Your representment must address the specific reason code. A "not received" dispute requires delivery proof. A "fraud" dispute requires authorization proof. Match your evidence to the allegation.
The Chargeback Representment Process

Representment is your formal response to a chargeback, where you "re-present" the transaction with evidence proving it was valid. A strong representment can recover lost revenue and protect your merchant account.

Representment Timeline
1

Chargeback Notification (Day 0)

You receive notification from your payment processor. The clock starts immediately. Log the date, reason code, and deadline.

2

Evidence Gathering (Days 1-5)

Collect all relevant evidence: transaction records, customer communications, delivery confirmation, terms accepted, etc.

3

Rebuttal Letter Draft (Days 5-10)

Write a clear, professional rebuttal addressing the specific reason code. Reference card network rules and include all supporting documentation.

4

Submit Representment (Before Deadline)

Submit through your payment processor's portal. Ensure all documents are legible and properly formatted. Get confirmation of receipt.

5

Bank Review (30-45 Days)

The issuing bank reviews your evidence. They can accept your representment (you win), reject it (you lose), or escalate to pre-arbitration.

If You Lose Representment

Pre-Arbitration

A second chance to submit additional evidence or arguments. Lower filing fees than arbitration. Not all cases are eligible. Check with your processor about options and deadlines.

Arbitration

Final appeal to the card network. Filing fees: Visa $500, Mastercard $500+. The loser pays. Only pursue for high-value disputes where you have strong evidence and clear network rule violations.

Win Rate Tip: Merchants who submit comprehensive, well-organized representments win 40-50% of disputes. Generic one-page responses win less than 20%. Quality of evidence and presentation matters as much as the facts.
Evidence Guide for Chargeback Defense

The right evidence, properly presented, is the difference between winning and losing chargebacks. Organize documentation for each dispute type before you need it.

For "Not Received" Disputes

  • Shipping carrier tracking number
  • Delivery confirmation with signature
  • Photo proof of delivery (if available)
  • GPS coordinates of delivery location
  • Customer address matching card billing
  • Prior successful deliveries to same address

For "Fraud" Disputes

  • 3D Secure (3DS) authentication proof
  • AVS (Address Verification) match
  • CVV/CVC match confirmation
  • Device fingerprint matching prior orders
  • IP address matching customer location
  • Prior successful transactions from same customer

For "Not As Described" Disputes

  • Product listing/description at time of purchase
  • Photos of item shipped
  • Customer communications acknowledging receipt
  • Return policy and whether customer attempted return
  • Prior positive reviews or acceptance of same product
  • Expert opinion if quality disputed

For Subscription Disputes

  • Terms of service with subscription terms highlighted
  • Record of customer accepting terms (checkbox, signature)
  • Billing notifications sent before each charge
  • Cancellation policy and process
  • Proof no cancellation request received
  • Customer usage/access during disputed period
Digital Product Evidence

For downloads, software, or digital services, gather:

  • Download logs with timestamps and IP addresses
  • Account login/access history
  • License key activation records
  • Usage data showing customer utilized the service
  • Customer support tickets or communications
  • Screenshots of account activity if applicable
Proactive Documentation: The best chargeback defense starts before disputes occur. Implement systems to automatically capture: delivery confirmation, customer consent records, communication logs, and authentication data. Trying to gather evidence after a dispute is often too late.
Sample Chargeback Representment Letter

Use this template structure for your representment. Customize based on the specific reason code and your evidence.

CHARGEBACK REPRESENTMENT Merchant: [Your Business Name] Merchant ID: [Your MID] Transaction Date: [Date] Transaction Amount: $[Amount] ARN/Reference: [Acquirer Reference Number] Reason Code: [Code] - [Description] Cardholder: [Name if known] Case Number: [Processor Case #] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY We are disputing this chargeback because the transaction was valid and the cardholder received the goods/services as described. The chargeback reason of "[Reason]" is not supported by the facts. We request this chargeback be reversed in our favor. TRANSACTION DETAILS On [Date], the cardholder placed an order for [product/service description] on our website [URL]. The transaction was processed using [Visa/MC/Amex] ending in [last 4]. Order Number: [#] Item(s): [Description] Total: $[Amount] Shipping Address: [Address] Billing Address: [Address] AUTHENTICATION AND AUTHORIZATION This transaction was properly authenticated: - 3D Secure: [Yes - ECI value / liability shift confirmed] - AVS Result: [Full match / partial match] - CVV Result: [Match] - IP Address: [Address] - [City, State consistent with billing] - Device ID: [Matches X previous orders] [If applicable:] The cardholder has made [X] prior successful purchases with the same card, totaling $[Amount], with no disputes. RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC REASON CODE [FOR REASON CODE 10.4/4837 - FRAUD:] This transaction was authenticated via 3D Secure, which shifts liability to the issuer per Visa Core Rules 11.2.2.4. The cardholder completed the authentication process, confirming they authorized this purchase. Additionally, AVS and CVV matches confirm the cardholder had possession of the physical card and billing information. [FOR REASON CODE 13.1/4853 - NOT RECEIVED:] Delivery was confirmed on [Date] at [Time]. Tracking number [#] shows the package was delivered to the address provided by the cardholder. Attached evidence includes: - Carrier tracking showing delivery - [Signature confirmation / Photo proof of delivery] - Address matches billing address on file [FOR REASON CODE 13.3 - NOT AS DESCRIBED:] The product delivered matches our published description exactly. The cardholder did not contact us to request a return or exchange before filing this dispute. Our return policy (attached) provides [X] days for returns, which the cardholder did not utilize. The cardholder's failure to attempt resolution through proper channels before disputing should be considered. [FOR REASON CODE 13.2 - SUBSCRIPTION:] The cardholder enrolled in our subscription service on [Date] and agreed to our terms of service (attached) which clearly state [billing terms]. We sent billing notifications on [dates] before each charge. We have no record of a cancellation request. The cardholder accessed/used the service on [dates] during the disputed period. COMPELLING EVIDENCE ENCLOSED 1. Transaction receipt and authorization record 2. [Delivery confirmation / tracking] 3. [Customer communications] 4. [3DS authentication record] 5. [Terms of service accepted by customer] 6. [Product description at time of purchase] 7. [Customer usage/access logs] 8. [Prior transaction history with same card] CONCLUSION Based on the evidence provided, this chargeback is invalid. The transaction was properly authorized, the goods/services were delivered as described, and the cardholder received full value. This dispute appears to be [friendly fraud / buyer's remorse] rather than a legitimate claim. We respectfully request this chargeback be reversed in our favor. Submitted by: [Your Name] [Title] [Business Name] [Contact Email] [Phone] [Date]
Submission Tips: Submit through your processor's dispute portal, not by email. Ensure all attachments are legible (300+ DPI). Include a single, clear cover letter even if the portal has multiple upload fields. Keep total submission under processor's file size limits (usually 5-10MB).
How I Help California Merchants Fight Chargebacks

I assist California businesses in fighting invalid chargebacks, from representment strategy to civil litigation for egregious friendly fraud cases.

Representment Support

  • Review chargeback details and evidence
  • Draft compelling rebuttal letters
  • Organize evidence by reason code
  • Pre-arbitration and arbitration filings

Chargeback Prevention

  • Terms of service review and updates
  • Checkout flow compliance audit
  • Documentation systems setup
  • Billing descriptor optimization

Civil Litigation

  • Demand letters to fraudulent customers
  • Small claims representation (up to $12,500)
  • Civil fraud lawsuits
  • Unjust enrichment claims

Typical Results

  • 40-60% representment win rate with proper evidence
  • Reduced chargeback ratios
  • Recovery of lost revenue
  • Deterrent effect on serial fraudsters

Fighting a Fraudulent Chargeback?

I help California merchants recover revenue from invalid disputes and build stronger chargeback defense systems.

Email: owner@terms.law
Fee Structure

Chargeback defense services are typically handled on:

  • Per-dispute: $150-$300 for representment letter drafting
  • Monthly retainer: $500-$2,000 for ongoing dispute management
  • Arbitration: $750 plus filing fees for complex cases
  • Civil litigation: Contingency (33%) or hourly ($240/hr)
Free Initial Review: Send your chargeback notification and available evidence to owner@terms.law with "Chargeback Defense" in the subject. I'll review and advise on whether representment is worth pursuing.