Protect your business from fraudulent chargebacks and friendly fraud. Learn how to fight invalid disputes using card network rules, Regulation E, and compelling evidence.
30 Days
Visa Response Deadline
~80%
Friendly Fraud Rate
$125B
Annual Chargeback Losses
Fighting Fraudulent Chargebacks in California
Chargebacks are a legitimate consumer protection mechanism, but increasingly they're abused by customers who received valid goods or services. "Friendly fraud" - where customers dispute legitimate charges - costs merchants billions annually. California merchants have the right to fight back.
Act Fast: Chargeback response deadlines are strict. Missing your deadline means automatic loss, regardless of how strong your evidence is. Visa gives 30 days, Mastercard 45 days, Amex 20 days. Your processor may have shorter internal deadlines.
Customer claims they canceled or didn't authorize renewal
Moderate - Terms and consent evidence key
Why Chargebacks Hurt Merchants
Lost revenue: Refund plus chargeback fee ($20-$100)
Lost merchandise: Customer often keeps product
Processing penalties: High chargeback ratios risk account termination
Time costs: Hours spent gathering evidence and responding
Monitoring programs: Visa/MC penalties for exceeding thresholds
Your Defense Options
Representment: Fight through card network process
Pre-arbitration: Second chance after initial loss
Arbitration: Final card network appeal ($500+ fee)
Direct customer contact: Resolve outside dispute process
Civil litigation: Sue for fraud in egregious cases
Chargeback Ratio Thresholds: Visa's dispute monitoring program flags merchants at 0.9% ratio (100+ disputes). Mastercard's threshold is 1.5%. Exceeding these triggers fines, monitoring fees, and potential account termination. Fighting invalid chargebacks keeps your ratio healthy.
Understanding Chargeback Reason Codes
Each chargeback comes with a reason code that determines what evidence you need to fight it. Understanding the specific code is essential for building your representment case.
Refund confirmation, timing evidence, terms violation by customer
Mastercard Reason Codes
Code
Description
Defense Strategy
4837
No Cardholder Authorization
Authorization records, 3DS, customer verification data
4853
Cardholder Dispute (Goods/Services)
Delivery proof, customer communications, product as described
4863
Cardholder Does Not Recognize
Billing descriptor match, customer contact history, order details
4834
Duplicate Processing
Proof transactions are distinct, different services/dates
Regulation E (Electronic Fund Transfer Act)
12 C.F.R. Part 1005
Governs debit card and ACH chargebacks. Provides consumers 60 days to report unauthorized transactions. Merchants can challenge by proving authorization or that consumer benefited from transaction.
Code-Specific Evidence: Generic responses lose. Your representment must address the specific reason code. A "not received" dispute requires delivery proof. A "fraud" dispute requires authorization proof. Match your evidence to the allegation.
The Chargeback Representment Process
Representment is your formal response to a chargeback, where you "re-present" the transaction with evidence proving it was valid. A strong representment can recover lost revenue and protect your merchant account.
Representment Timeline
1
Chargeback Notification (Day 0)
You receive notification from your payment processor. The clock starts immediately. Log the date, reason code, and deadline.
2
Evidence Gathering (Days 1-5)
Collect all relevant evidence: transaction records, customer communications, delivery confirmation, terms accepted, etc.
3
Rebuttal Letter Draft (Days 5-10)
Write a clear, professional rebuttal addressing the specific reason code. Reference card network rules and include all supporting documentation.
4
Submit Representment (Before Deadline)
Submit through your payment processor's portal. Ensure all documents are legible and properly formatted. Get confirmation of receipt.
5
Bank Review (30-45 Days)
The issuing bank reviews your evidence. They can accept your representment (you win), reject it (you lose), or escalate to pre-arbitration.
If You Lose Representment
Pre-Arbitration
A second chance to submit additional evidence or arguments. Lower filing fees than arbitration. Not all cases are eligible. Check with your processor about options and deadlines.
Arbitration
Final appeal to the card network. Filing fees: Visa $500, Mastercard $500+. The loser pays. Only pursue for high-value disputes where you have strong evidence and clear network rule violations.
Win Rate Tip: Merchants who submit comprehensive, well-organized representments win 40-50% of disputes. Generic one-page responses win less than 20%. Quality of evidence and presentation matters as much as the facts.
Evidence Guide for Chargeback Defense
The right evidence, properly presented, is the difference between winning and losing chargebacks. Organize documentation for each dispute type before you need it.
For "Not Received" Disputes
Shipping carrier tracking number
Delivery confirmation with signature
Photo proof of delivery (if available)
GPS coordinates of delivery location
Customer address matching card billing
Prior successful deliveries to same address
For "Fraud" Disputes
3D Secure (3DS) authentication proof
AVS (Address Verification) match
CVV/CVC match confirmation
Device fingerprint matching prior orders
IP address matching customer location
Prior successful transactions from same customer
For "Not As Described" Disputes
Product listing/description at time of purchase
Photos of item shipped
Customer communications acknowledging receipt
Return policy and whether customer attempted return
Prior positive reviews or acceptance of same product
Expert opinion if quality disputed
For Subscription Disputes
Terms of service with subscription terms highlighted
Record of customer accepting terms (checkbox, signature)
Billing notifications sent before each charge
Cancellation policy and process
Proof no cancellation request received
Customer usage/access during disputed period
Digital Product Evidence
For downloads, software, or digital services, gather:
Download logs with timestamps and IP addresses
Account login/access history
License key activation records
Usage data showing customer utilized the service
Customer support tickets or communications
Screenshots of account activity if applicable
Proactive Documentation: The best chargeback defense starts before disputes occur. Implement systems to automatically capture: delivery confirmation, customer consent records, communication logs, and authentication data. Trying to gather evidence after a dispute is often too late.
Sample Chargeback Representment Letter
Use this template structure for your representment. Customize based on the specific reason code and your evidence.
CHARGEBACK REPRESENTMENT
Merchant: [Your Business Name]
Merchant ID: [Your MID]
Transaction Date: [Date]
Transaction Amount: $[Amount]
ARN/Reference: [Acquirer Reference Number]
Reason Code: [Code] - [Description]
Cardholder: [Name if known]
Case Number: [Processor Case #]
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
We are disputing this chargeback because the transaction was valid and the cardholder received the goods/services as described. The chargeback reason of "[Reason]" is not supported by the facts. We request this chargeback be reversed in our favor.
TRANSACTION DETAILS
On [Date], the cardholder placed an order for [product/service description] on our website [URL]. The transaction was processed using [Visa/MC/Amex] ending in [last 4].
Order Number: [#]
Item(s): [Description]
Total: $[Amount]
Shipping Address: [Address]
Billing Address: [Address]
AUTHENTICATION AND AUTHORIZATION
This transaction was properly authenticated:
- 3D Secure: [Yes - ECI value / liability shift confirmed]
- AVS Result: [Full match / partial match]
- CVV Result: [Match]
- IP Address: [Address] - [City, State consistent with billing]
- Device ID: [Matches X previous orders]
[If applicable:] The cardholder has made [X] prior successful purchases with the same card, totaling $[Amount], with no disputes.
RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC REASON CODE
[FOR REASON CODE 10.4/4837 - FRAUD:]
This transaction was authenticated via 3D Secure, which shifts liability to the issuer per Visa Core Rules 11.2.2.4. The cardholder completed the authentication process, confirming they authorized this purchase. Additionally, AVS and CVV matches confirm the cardholder had possession of the physical card and billing information.
[FOR REASON CODE 13.1/4853 - NOT RECEIVED:]
Delivery was confirmed on [Date] at [Time]. Tracking number [#] shows the package was delivered to the address provided by the cardholder. Attached evidence includes:
- Carrier tracking showing delivery
- [Signature confirmation / Photo proof of delivery]
- Address matches billing address on file
[FOR REASON CODE 13.3 - NOT AS DESCRIBED:]
The product delivered matches our published description exactly. The cardholder did not contact us to request a return or exchange before filing this dispute. Our return policy (attached) provides [X] days for returns, which the cardholder did not utilize. The cardholder's failure to attempt resolution through proper channels before disputing should be considered.
[FOR REASON CODE 13.2 - SUBSCRIPTION:]
The cardholder enrolled in our subscription service on [Date] and agreed to our terms of service (attached) which clearly state [billing terms]. We sent billing notifications on [dates] before each charge. We have no record of a cancellation request. The cardholder accessed/used the service on [dates] during the disputed period.
COMPELLING EVIDENCE ENCLOSED
1. Transaction receipt and authorization record
2. [Delivery confirmation / tracking]
3. [Customer communications]
4. [3DS authentication record]
5. [Terms of service accepted by customer]
6. [Product description at time of purchase]
7. [Customer usage/access logs]
8. [Prior transaction history with same card]
CONCLUSION
Based on the evidence provided, this chargeback is invalid. The transaction was properly authorized, the goods/services were delivered as described, and the cardholder received full value. This dispute appears to be [friendly fraud / buyer's remorse] rather than a legitimate claim.
We respectfully request this chargeback be reversed in our favor.
Submitted by:
[Your Name]
[Title]
[Business Name]
[Contact Email]
[Phone]
[Date]
Submission Tips: Submit through your processor's dispute portal, not by email. Ensure all attachments are legible (300+ DPI). Include a single, clear cover letter even if the portal has multiple upload fields. Keep total submission under processor's file size limits (usually 5-10MB).
How I Help California Merchants Fight Chargebacks
I assist California businesses in fighting invalid chargebacks, from representment strategy to civil litigation for egregious friendly fraud cases.
Representment Support
Review chargeback details and evidence
Draft compelling rebuttal letters
Organize evidence by reason code
Pre-arbitration and arbitration filings
Chargeback Prevention
Terms of service review and updates
Checkout flow compliance audit
Documentation systems setup
Billing descriptor optimization
Civil Litigation
Demand letters to fraudulent customers
Small claims representation (up to $12,500)
Civil fraud lawsuits
Unjust enrichment claims
Typical Results
40-60% representment win rate with proper evidence
Reduced chargeback ratios
Recovery of lost revenue
Deterrent effect on serial fraudsters
Fighting a Fraudulent Chargeback?
I help California merchants recover revenue from invalid disputes and build stronger chargeback defense systems.
Chargeback defense services are typically handled on:
Per-dispute: $150-$300 for representment letter drafting
Monthly retainer: $500-$2,000 for ongoing dispute management
Arbitration: $750 plus filing fees for complex cases
Civil litigation: Contingency (33%) or hourly ($240/hr)
Free Initial Review: Send your chargeback notification and available evidence to owner@terms.law with "Chargeback Defense" in the subject. I'll review and advise on whether representment is worth pursuing.