Employer Denied Your Accommodation? California Law Requires They Engage.
California FEHA requires employers to engage in a good faith interactive process. Denial of reasonable accommodation or failure to engage is illegal. You have strong legal rights and remedies.
3 Years
Statute of Limitations
5+ Employees
FEHA Coverage
No Cap
On Damages
Broader
Than Federal ADA
⚖ California Laws That Protect Disabled Workers
California's Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) provides stronger disability protections than federal law. Your employer MUST accommodate your disability unless it causes undue hardship:
Government Code 12940(m) - Reasonable Accommodation Requirement
It is unlawful for an employer to fail to make reasonable accommodation for the known physical or mental disability of an employee unless the employer demonstrates undue hardship. The employer bears the burden of proving undue hardship - not you.
Government Code 12940(n) - Mandatory Interactive Process
It is unlawful for an employer to fail to engage in a timely, good faith, interactive process with the employee to determine effective reasonable accommodations. This is a MANDATORY two-way dialogue - the employer cannot simply ignore or deny your request without exploring alternatives.
Government Code 12940(h) - Retaliation Prohibited
It is unlawful for any employer to discharge, expel, or otherwise discriminate against any person because the person has opposed practices forbidden under FEHA or filed a complaint. Requesting an accommodation is protected activity.
California's Broader Disability Definition
Under FEHA, a condition "limits" a major life activity (vs. federal ADA requiring "substantially limits"). California protects more conditions including many mental health conditions, chronic illnesses, and conditions that may not qualify under federal law. Working is explicitly a major life activity under FEHA.
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CRITICAL: Interactive Process is Mandatory
Even if your specific requested accommodation isn't possible, your employer MUST engage in an interactive dialogue to explore alternatives. Simply denying a request without discussion violates FEHA. Document every conversation (or lack thereof) about your accommodation needs.
❌ Common Workplace Accommodation Violations
These are the most common ways employers violate California disability accommodation laws:
🚫 Failure to Engage in Interactive Process
Employer ignores your accommodation request, delays indefinitely, refuses to meet or discuss options, or makes a unilateral decision without exploring alternatives with you.
🙅 Denial of Reasonable Accommodation
Employer refuses your accommodation request without demonstrating undue hardship. Claims like "we've never done that before" or "it wouldn't be fair to others" are not valid reasons.
⚡ Retaliation After Accommodation Request
After requesting accommodation, you face termination, demotion, reduced hours, negative reviews, exclusion from opportunities, hostile treatment, or other adverse employment actions.
📅 Failure to Provide Leave as Accommodation
Employer refuses medical leave for treatment, recovery, or management of your condition, or terminates you for taking disability-related leave instead of engaging in the interactive process.
💡
Employer Cannot Just Say "No" Without Exploring Alternatives
Even if your requested accommodation isn't feasible, the employer must work with you to find effective alternatives. The interactive process requires ongoing communication, not a one-time denial. If employer fails to engage, they violate FEHA regardless of whether the accommodation was reasonable.
💰 What You Can Recover Under FEHA
California FEHA provides robust remedies for disability discrimination. Unlike federal law, there are NO CAPS on damages:
Damage Type
Description
Lost Wages - Back Pay
All wages and benefits lost from the date of violation to resolution, including raises, bonuses, and benefits you would have received
Lost Wages - Front Pay
Future lost earnings if reinstatement isn't feasible, calculated based on your expected career trajectory
Emotional Distress Damages
Compensation for anxiety, depression, humiliation, and mental anguish caused by discrimination - often substantial in disability cases
Punitive Damages
Available if employer acted with malice, oppression, or reckless indifference to your rights - no cap under California law
Attorney's Fees
Prevailing plaintiffs recover reasonable attorney's fees and litigation costs from the employer
FEHA Administrative Penalties
CRD can impose civil penalties up to $150,000 for violations, plus additional penalties for pattern or practice discrimination
Additional Remedies
Reinstatement: Court-ordered return to your position or equivalent
Injunctive Relief: Court order requiring employer to implement accommodations and change policies
CRD Administrative Process: File complaint with California Civil Rights Department (formerly DFEH)
Interest: Prejudgment interest on economic damages from date of violation
📝 Demand Letter Template
Send this letter via certified mail with return receipt requested. Keep a copy for your records. This letter documents your claims and demands before filing a CRD complaint or lawsuit.
DEMAND LETTER - DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION AND FAILURE TO ACCOMMODATESENT VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED[Your Name][Your Address][City, CA ZIP][Phone][Email][Date][Employer Name][Attn: Human Resources / CEO Name][Company Address][City, CA ZIP]
Re: Demand for Compliance with FEHA - Disability Discrimination and Failure to Accommodate
Employee: [Your Name]
Position: [Your Job Title]
Employee ID: [If applicable]
Dear [HR Director / CEO Name]:
I am writing to formally demand that [Employer Name] comply with its obligations under the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (Government Code Section 12940 et seq.) regarding my disability accommodation request. Your failure to engage in the interactive process and/or provide reasonable accommodation constitutes unlawful disability discrimination.
MY DISABILITY AND ACCOMMODATION NEED:
I have a disability as defined under FEHA that limits my ability to [describe limitation - e.g., "sit for extended periods," "work in environments with certain triggers," "maintain a fixed schedule due to medical appointments"]. On [date], I notified [supervisor/HR name] of my disability and requested the following accommodation:
[Describe the specific accommodation you requested - e.g., "a modified work schedule allowing me to start at 10 AM instead of 8 AM to attend medical appointments," "permission to work remotely 2-3 days per week," "an ergonomic workstation setup," "reassignment to a vacant position I am qualified for"]
I provided medical documentation from my healthcare provider, [Dr. Name], supporting my need for this accommodation on [date].
EMPLOYER'S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH FEHA:
Despite my request and supporting documentation, [Employer Name] has violated FEHA in the following ways:
[Select and customize applicable violations:]
[ ] FAILURE TO ENGAGE IN INTERACTIVE PROCESS (Gov. Code 12940(n)):
Rather than engaging in a timely, good faith interactive process as required by law, your company [describe - e.g., "ignored my request entirely," "delayed response for over 6 weeks," "refused to meet to discuss alternatives," "made a unilateral decision to deny without discussion"].
[ ] DENIAL OF REASONABLE ACCOMMODATION (Gov. Code 12940(m)):
Your company denied my accommodation request on [date], stating [reason given, if any]. You have not demonstrated that this accommodation would cause undue hardship, as required to justify denial.
[ ] RETALIATION (Gov. Code 12940(h)):
Following my accommodation request, I have experienced the following adverse employment actions: [describe - e.g., "termination," "demotion," "reduction in hours," "negative performance review despite no prior issues," "exclusion from meetings and projects," "hostile treatment from management"].
[ ] FAILURE TO PROVIDE LEAVE AS ACCOMMODATION:
Your company [terminated me / denied my request] for medical leave needed to [treat/manage my condition], rather than engaging in the interactive process to determine if leave was a reasonable accommodation.
DAMAGES SUFFERED:
As a direct result of your unlawful conduct, I have suffered the following damages:
- Lost wages from [date] to present: $[amount]
- Lost benefits (health insurance, retirement contributions): $[amount]
- Medical expenses related to worsening condition: $[amount]
- Severe emotional distress including [anxiety, depression, humiliation, etc.]DEMAND:
I hereby demand that [Employer Name] take the following actions within fourteen (14) days:
1. [If still employed:] Immediately engage in a good faith interactive process and implement the requested accommodation or an effective alternative;
2. [If terminated:] Reinstate me to my position (or equivalent) with full back pay and benefits from [termination date];
3. Pay all lost wages and benefits totaling $[amount];
4. Provide written confirmation that no retaliation will occur for asserting my legal rights;
5. Compensate me for emotional distress damages in the amount of $[amount].
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES:
If you fail to respond satisfactorily within 14 days, I will:
1. File a complaint with the California Civil Rights Department (CRD);
2. Pursue a civil lawsuit seeking all available remedies under FEHA, including back pay, front pay, emotional distress damages, punitive damages (given the [willful/reckless] nature of your conduct), and attorney's fees;
3. Report your practices to relevant regulatory agencies.
Under FEHA, there is NO CAP on compensatory or punitive damages. Employer liability can be substantial, particularly where the employer failed to engage in the interactive process or retaliated against an employee for requesting accommodation.
I strongly encourage you to consult with legal counsel and respond promptly to resolve this matter before litigation becomes necessary.
Sincerely,
_______________________________
[Your Signature][Your Printed Name]Enclosures:
- Copy of original accommodation request (dated [date])
- Medical documentation supporting disability and accommodation need
- Copies of correspondence with HR/management regarding accommodation
- [If applicable: Termination letter / adverse action documentation]
- Documentation of damages (pay stubs, benefit statements, medical bills)
- Timeline of events
cc: [Your personal file]
🖩 Workplace Accommodation Damages Calculator
Use this interactive calculator to estimate potential damages in your case. Enter your information below to get an estimate of recoverable damages.
📈 Estimated Damages Breakdown
Direct Damages$0
Consequential Damages$0
Emotional Distress (Est.)$0
Statutory Penalties (Est.)$0
TOTAL ESTIMATED DAMAGES$0
Disclaimer: This calculator provides rough estimates for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Actual damages vary significantly based on specific facts, evidence strength, and many other factors. Consult with a qualified California attorney for an accurate case evaluation.
📋 Evidence to Gather Before Sending
✓Written accommodation request - Emails, letters, or HR forms documenting your request with dates and specific accommodations requested
✓Medical documentation - Doctor's notes, letters, or forms supporting your disability and need for accommodation (keep copies; originals for legal proceedings)
✓Employer's response (or lack thereof) - Any written denial, delay communications, or document the complete absence of response
✓Interactive process documentation - Notes from meetings, emails, and communications (or documentation that employer refused to engage)
✓Employment records - Offer letter, job description, performance reviews (especially positive reviews before accommodation request)
✓Adverse action evidence - Termination letter, demotion notice, schedule changes, or other documentation of retaliation
✓Witness information - Names and contact info for coworkers who witnessed discrimination or can corroborate your account
✓Damage documentation - Pay stubs, benefit statements, medical bills, and records documenting emotional distress (therapy records, etc.)
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Document Everything in Writing
After any verbal conversation about your accommodation, send a follow-up email summarizing what was discussed. This creates a paper trail. If your employer refuses to engage, document that refusal in writing: "As discussed, you declined to meet regarding my accommodation request."
📅 Filing a CRD Complaint (DFEH)
The California Civil Rights Department (CRD), formerly known as DFEH, handles FEHA complaints. Here's the process:
Step 1: File Complaint with CRD
File online at calcivilrights.ca.gov or by mail. Include details of discrimination, dates, and evidence. You have 3 years from the discriminatory act to file.
Step 2: CRD Investigation or Right-to-Sue
CRD will investigate your complaint OR you can request an immediate Right-to-Sue letter to proceed directly to court. Most employment attorneys recommend getting the Right-to-Sue letter promptly.
Step 3: File Lawsuit (If Right-to-Sue Issued)
Once you receive your Right-to-Sue letter, you have 1 year to file a civil lawsuit in California Superior Court. This is where you can recover full damages.
Alternative: CRD Mediation/Settlement
CRD offers mediation services to resolve complaints. Many cases settle during this process without needing to go to court.
💡
3-Year Statute of Limitations Under FEHA
You have 3 years from the date of the discriminatory act to file a CRD complaint - much longer than the federal 300-day deadline. However, evidence becomes harder to preserve over time, so act promptly. Continuing violations may extend this deadline further.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is the interactive process under California FEHA?
Under California Government Code 12940(n), employers MUST engage in a timely, good faith interactive process with employees who request disability accommodations. This is a two-way dialogue where employer and employee work together to identify effective reasonable accommodations. The employer cannot simply deny requests without exploring alternatives. Failure to engage in the interactive process is itself a FEHA violation, separate from failure to accommodate.
How is disability defined under California FEHA vs. federal ADA?
California FEHA has a BROADER definition of disability than the federal ADA. Under FEHA, a condition qualifies as a disability if it "limits" a major life activity - the federal ADA requires "substantially limits." FEHA also explicitly protects conditions like working (not just walking, seeing, etc.), and covers more mental health conditions. Many conditions that might not qualify under federal law are protected under California FEHA.
What are examples of reasonable accommodations under FEHA?
Reasonable accommodations under California FEHA include: modified work schedules, remote/hybrid work arrangements, job restructuring, reassignment to vacant positions, modified equipment or assistive devices, leave of absence for treatment, modified workplace policies, physical workspace modifications, and allowing service animals. The accommodation must be effective and not cause undue hardship to the employer.
Can my employer fire me for requesting a disability accommodation?
No. Retaliation for requesting an accommodation is illegal under FEHA Government Code 12940(h). If your employer terminates you, demotes you, reduces your hours, or takes any adverse action because you requested an accommodation, you have a separate retaliation claim in addition to any accommodation denial claim. Retaliation can include subtle actions like exclusion from meetings, negative performance reviews, or hostile treatment.
How long do I have to file a FEHA disability discrimination claim?
You have 3 years from the date of the discriminatory act to file a complaint with the California Civil Rights Department (CRD, formerly DFEH). After obtaining a right-to-sue letter from CRD, you have 1 year to file a civil lawsuit. Some claims may have continuing violation theories that extend the deadline, but it's best to act promptly to preserve your rights and evidence.
What damages can I recover in a FEHA workplace accommodation case?
FEHA allows recovery of: lost wages (back pay and front pay), emotional distress damages (often significant in disability cases), punitive damages if the employer acted with malice or reckless indifference, attorney's fees and costs, and FEHA administrative penalties. There is no cap on compensatory or punitive damages under FEHA, unlike federal law. Successful plaintiffs routinely recover six to seven figures in serious cases.
Employer Refusing to Accommodate? Get Legal Help.
FEHA cases can be complex. An experienced employment attorney can evaluate your case, guide you through the CRD process, and maximize your recovery.