Rental Bike Defect & City Liability Demand Letters
Bike share programs like Citi Bike, Bay Wheels, and Divvy provide convenient urban transportation but create injury risks from poorly maintained bikes and inadequate cycling infrastructure. Navigate product liability claims, municipal tort claims, and insurance challenges to recover compensation for bike share injuries.
Rental Bike Injury Claims Overview
Injury Cause
Common Scenarios
Potential Defendants
Brake failure
Worn pads, cable stretch, hydraulic leak causes inability to stop
Bike share operator, maintenance contractor
Handlebar/steering failure
Loose stem bolt, detaching handlebars during ride
Bike share operator, manufacturer
Pedal/crank failure
Pedal threads strip, crank arm detaches mid-pedal stroke
Manufacturer, maintenance contractor
E-bike motor/throttle issues
Unexpected acceleration, motor cutout, battery fire
E-bike manufacturer, bike share operator
Road/infrastructure defects
Pothole in bike lane, debris, inadequate lane markings
City/municipality, property owner
Docking station issues
Bike releases unexpectedly, dock mechanism fails
Bike share operator, station manufacturer
Why Bike Share Cases Are Complex
Multiple parties: operator, city sponsor, manufacturer, maintenance
Liability waivers in user agreements
Municipal immunity for city-sponsored programs
Short government tort claim deadlines
Bikes often repaired before evidence preserved
Common Bike Share Injuries
Head injuries from falls (especially without helmets)
Clavicle and shoulder fractures
Wrist and arm fractures from impact
Facial injuries and dental damage
Knee and lower leg injuries from pedal failures
Evidence Preservation Critical: Bike share operators quickly retrieve and repair reported bikes. Photograph the bike number, the specific defect, and overall condition immediately. Report the defect through the app to create a timestamp record. Send a formal preservation letter if pursuing a claim.
Legal Framework for Bike Share Injuries
Liability Theories by Defendant
Claims Against Bike Share Operators
Product liability: Strict liability for defective bikes in commercial stream
Negligent maintenance: Failure to inspect, repair, or remove unsafe bikes
Negligent entrustment: Providing dangerous equipment to public
Breach of warranty: Implied warranty of fitness for ordinary use
Operators include: Lyft (Citi Bike, Bay Wheels), Motivate, PBSC
Claims Against Municipalities
Dangerous condition: Hazardous bike lanes, potholes, debris
Negligent program design: Inadequate safety requirements
Failure to maintain: Poor road conditions in cycling corridors
Note: Government tort claim required within 30-180 days
Immunity may be waived for dangerous condition of public property
Major Bike Share Programs
Program
Operator
City Sponsor
Notes
Citi Bike (NYC, Jersey City)
Lyft
NYC DOT, Citibank sponsor
Largest US bike share; NYC tort claim deadline 90 days
Bay Wheels (SF Bay Area)
Lyft
Bay Area cities
California tort claim deadline 6 months
Divvy (Chicago)
Lyft
Chicago DOT
Illinois Local Government Tort Immunity Act applies
Product defects: Strict liability may apply regardless of waiver
Procedural unconscionability: Tiny text, no opportunity to negotiate, take-it-or-leave-it
Public policy: Some states disfavor pre-injury waivers for essential services
Adhesion contract: Courts scrutinize one-sided terms in standard form agreements
Government Tort Claim Deadlines
Jurisdiction
Notice Deadline
Key Requirements
New York City
90 days
Written notice to Comptroller; specific location required
California cities
6 months
Government Code 911.2; must file before lawsuit
Illinois municipalities
1 year
Local Government Tort Immunity Act; immunity exceptions
Washington DC
6 months
Notice to Mayor; file with Corporation Counsel
Maintenance Records Key: Bike share operators must maintain inspection and repair logs. Discovery of maintenance records showing pattern of neglect or prior complaints about the same defect significantly strengthens claims.
Documentation Requirements
Scene and Equipment Documentation
Bike Evidence
Bike number/ID (displayed prominently on frame)
Close-up photos of the specific defect
Video showing the malfunction if possible
Screenshot of rental confirmation from app
Report defect through app (creates timestamped record)
Note docking station location where bike was obtained
Road/Infrastructure Evidence
Photos of pothole, debris, or hazard
Measurements of defect depth/size
Bike lane condition and markings
Signage (or lack thereof)
311 or city complaint records about location
Prior incident reports at same location
Medical Documentation
Emergency treatment: Document mechanism of injury (brake failure, handlebar detachment)
Imaging: X-rays, CT scans for fractures; MRI for soft tissue injuries
Specialist consultations: Orthopedic, neurological, maxillofacial if applicable
Treatment timeline: All follow-up care, physical therapy, surgical procedures
Maintenance and inspection logs for the specific bike
Prior defect reports or complaints about bike number
General maintenance protocols and compliance records
Training records for maintenance staff
City permit conditions and safety requirements
Insurance policies for bike share operator
Immediate Preservation Letter: Send a preservation letter to the bike share operator within 24-48 hours. Demand they preserve the specific bike, all maintenance records, GPS data, and user complaint history. Bikes are often repaired or retired quickly.
Demand Letter Strategy
Choosing the Right Defendants
Bike defect only: Target bike share operator as primary defendant; add manufacturer if design defect
Road condition only: File government tort claim against city/county
Combined defect + road: Pursue both operator and city; joint and several liability
Third-party collision: Include at-fault driver; bike defect may be contributing cause
Key Demand Letter Elements
Bike identification: Bike number, rental timestamp, docking station
Defect description: Specific mechanical failure and how it caused the crash
Waiver challenge: Why waiver should not bar recovery (if applicable)
Injury documentation: Medical treatment, diagnosis, prognosis
Damages calculation: Economic and non-economic damages
Demand amount: Specific figure with response deadline
Government Tort Claim vs. Private Demand
Aspect
Government Tort Claim
Private Operator Demand
Deadline
30-180 days (varies by jurisdiction)
Statute of limitations (typically 2-3 years)
Format
Specific form required; formal filing
Demand letter format flexible
Response
City must respond within statutory period
No required response; negotiate or litigate
Damages cap
Often capped (varies by jurisdiction)
No statutory cap on private claims
Dual-Track Strategy: When both city infrastructure and bike defect contributed to injury, file the government tort claim first (short deadline) while simultaneously sending a preservation letter and demand to the bike share operator.
Sample Rental Bike Defect Demand Letter
[Date]
Via Certified Mail and Email
Claims Department
Lyft, Inc. (Citi Bike/Bay Wheels)
185 Berry Street, Suite 5000
San Francisco, CA 94107
Re: Personal Injury Claim - Rental Bike Brake Failure
Rider: [Client Name]
Incident Date: [Date]
Bike Number: [Bike ID]
Docking Station: [Station Name/Location]
Dear Claims Representative:
This firm represents [Client Name] regarding serious injuries sustained on [Date] when a [Citi Bike/Bay Wheels/Divvy] rental bicycle experienced complete brake failure at [Location]. We write to demand compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering resulting from your company's failure to maintain safe equipment.
FACTS OF THE INCIDENT
On [Date] at approximately [Time], our client rented bike #[ID] from the [Station Name] docking station using the [Citi Bike/Bay Wheels] mobile application. While traveling [direction] on [Street Name] at approximately [X] mph, our client approached an intersection and applied the front and rear hand brakes.
Both brake levers compressed fully without engaging the brakes. The bike failed to slow despite repeated brake applications. Our client was unable to stop and struck [describe collision - parked car, curb, pedestrian, etc.], causing the injuries described below.
Post-incident inspection revealed the front brake cable was frayed and the rear brake pads were worn beyond the wear indicator line. Both conditions should have been identified and corrected during routine maintenance inspections.
LIABILITY ANALYSIS
[Lyft/Operator Name] is liable under multiple theories:
1. STRICT PRODUCT LIABILITY: As a commercial lessor of goods, [Operator] is strictly liable for injuries caused by defective products under [State] law. The brake system's failure constitutes a product defect that rendered the bicycle unreasonably dangerous for its intended use.
2. NEGLIGENT MAINTENANCE: [Operator] had a duty to inspect and maintain rental bikes in safe operating condition. The worn brake pads and frayed cable indicate failure to conduct adequate maintenance inspections. This negligence directly caused our client's injuries.
3. BREACH OF IMPLIED WARRANTY: By offering bikes for public rental, [Operator] impliedly warranted they were fit for ordinary cycling use. A bike with non-functional brakes breaches this warranty.
WAIVER INAPPLICABILITY
The liability waiver in [Operator's] user agreement does not bar this claim because:
- The waiver cannot cover strict product liability for manufacturing/maintenance defects
- Gross negligence in maintaining safety-critical brake systems exceeds ordinary negligence
- California law [or applicable state] disfavors enforcement of pre-injury waivers for essential equipment
- The waiver was procedurally unconscionable (small text, no negotiation opportunity)
INJURIES AND DAMAGES
Our client sustained the following documented injuries:
- [Fracture type - e.g., displaced clavicle fracture requiring ORIF surgery]
- [Secondary injury - e.g., AC joint separation]
- [Soft tissue injuries - e.g., significant road rash requiring wound care]
- [Ongoing condition - e.g., restricted range of motion, chronic pain]
Medical expenses to date total $[Amount], including emergency care, surgery, and physical therapy. Anticipated future treatment costs of $[Amount] include hardware removal and continued rehabilitation. Our client has been unable to work as a [Occupation] for [X] weeks, with lost wages of $[Amount].
EVIDENCE PRESERVATION DEMAND
We demand you immediately preserve:
- Bike #[ID], including current condition and any repairs made since incident
- All maintenance and inspection records for bike #[ID]
- Prior defect reports or user complaints about bike #[ID]
- GPS and trip data for bike #[ID] on [incident date]
- Maintenance protocols and staff training records
- Insurance policies providing coverage for this incident
DEMAND
Based on documented injuries, clear evidence of equipment failure, and your company's negligent maintenance, we demand the total sum of $[Amount] to resolve all claims:
- Past medical expenses: $[Amount]
- Future medical expenses: $[Amount]
- Lost wages: $[Amount]
- Future earning capacity: $[Amount]
- Pain, suffering, and permanent impairment: $[Amount]
Please respond within thirty (30) days with your settlement position. If we cannot reach agreement, we will pursue litigation including discovery of your maintenance records, prior incident reports, and any pattern of similar brake failures.
Sincerely,
[Attorney Name]
Attorney for [Client Name]
[Law Firm]
[Address]
[Phone]
[Email]
Enclosures:
- Medical records and billing statements
- Incident photographs (bike, defect, scene)
- Rental confirmation screenshot
- App defect report screenshot
Yes. Reporting through the app creates a timestamped record of the defect before the bike is repaired. This documentation is valuable evidence. Take screenshots of your report and any response from the company.
File a government tort claim against the city in addition to pursuing the private operator. The city may have liability for negligent program design or oversight. Government tort claim deadlines are short, so file this first even while negotiating with the operator.
Attorney Services & Contact
Bike Share Injury Representation
I represent cyclists injured by defective rental bikes and dangerous road conditions. My practice handles claims against bike share operators like Lyft (Citi Bike, Bay Wheels), municipalities, and equipment manufacturers.
Email owner@terms.law or use Calendly for a paid strategy session.