Uber and Lyft passengers injured in accidents have access to $1 million in insurance coverage. Navigate TNC insurance layers, driver liability, corporate negligence theories, and arbitration requirements to maximize your recovery.
Rideshare Passenger Injury Claims
Accident Scenario
Primary Insurance
Secondary Coverage
Uber/Lyft driver at fault
TNC $1M liability policy
Driver's personal auto (if TNC denies)
Third party driver at fault
At-fault driver's auto insurance
TNC UM/UIM coverage ($1M)
Hit-and-run during ride
TNC uninsured motorist ($1M)
Passenger's personal UM coverage
Single vehicle crash (driver error)
TNC liability policy
Med pay coverage if available
Multi-vehicle pileup
All at-fault drivers' policies
TNC excess/umbrella coverage
Why Rideshare Claims Are Different
$1 million in coverage available during active trips
Multiple insurance layers create complexity
Independent contractor status shields companies
Arbitration clauses in terms of service
App data provides strong evidence of trip details
Common Rideshare Passenger Injuries
Whiplash and cervical spine injuries
Concussions and traumatic brain injuries
Fractured ribs from seatbelt impact
Shoulder and hip injuries from side impacts
PTSD and anxiety from severe crashes
Good News for Passengers: Unlike drivers who face coverage disputes, passengers in active Uber or Lyft rides have clear access to $1 million in liability coverage. The challenge is navigating which insurer pays and maximizing your recovery.
Legal Framework for Rideshare Injuries
TNC Insurance Coverage Periods
Period
Driver Status
Coverage
Period 0
App off
Driver's personal auto only
Period 1
App on, waiting for request
Contingent liability: $50K/$100K/$25K
Period 2
Accepted request, en route to pickup
$1M liability + UM/UIM
Period 3
Passenger in vehicle
$1M liability + UM/UIM + contingent collision
Uber and Lyft Corporate Structure
Uber Technologies, Inc.
Headquarters: San Francisco, CA
Insurance carrier: James River Insurance (varies by state)
Claims portal: claims.uber.com
Independent contractor model: Drivers are not employees
Registered agent: Varies by state of operation
Lyft, Inc.
Headquarters: San Francisco, CA
Insurance carrier: Progressive, Liberty Mutual (varies)
Claims portal: help.lyft.com
Independent contractor model: Similar to Uber
Registered agent: State-specific filings
Theories of Company Liability
Respondeat superior: Generally fails due to independent contractor classification
Negligent hiring: Company failed to screen driver with dangerous history
Negligent retention: Company kept driver after complaints or incidents
Negligent entrustment: Company allowed unfit driver to use platform
Agency by estoppel: Passengers reasonably believed driver was company agent
Arbitration and Class Action Waivers
Both Uber and Lyft require binding arbitration through AAA
Class action waivers prevent joining with other injured passengers
Some courts have found these provisions unconscionable for personal injury claims
California passengers may have stronger grounds to challenge enforceability
Small claims exceptions typically apply for claims under $10,000
Comparative Negligence Considerations
Passenger Fault Rarely Applies
Passengers have limited ability to control driver behavior. Comparative negligence typically only reduces recovery if passenger distracted driver, failed to wear seatbelt (in states that allow), or contributed to crash through their own actions.
Seatbelt Defense States
Some states reduce damages if passenger was not wearing a seatbelt. Others prohibit this evidence entirely. Check your state's specific rules on seatbelt non-use as comparative negligence.
Independent Contractor Shield: While Uber and Lyft avoid direct liability through contractor classification, their insurance policies still pay claims. Focus on recovering from available insurance rather than fighting classification battles.
Documentation Requirements
Immediate Post-Accident Steps
At the Scene
Call 911 for police report and medical response
Screenshot trip details in the Uber/Lyft app
Photograph all vehicles, damage, and scene
Get driver's name, license plate, and insurance info
Collect witness names and contact information
Note weather, lighting, and road conditions
Within 24-48 Hours
Report accident through the app (creates record)
Seek medical evaluation even if injuries seem minor
Request complete ride history from Uber/Lyft
Obtain copy of police report
Document all symptoms in a daily journal
Photograph visible injuries as they develop
Medical Documentation
Emergency room records: Initial diagnosis and treatment
Primary care follow-up: Ongoing symptom documentation
Physical therapy records: Progress notes and treatment plan
Mental health records: PTSD, anxiety, depression treatment
App and Digital Evidence
Trip receipt showing pickup, dropoff, route, and driver
Driver rating history and any prior complaints
GPS data showing vehicle speed and route
In-app messages with driver before/after trip
Payment records confirming you were a paying passenger
Insurance Documentation
TNC insurance policy declaration page
Driver's personal auto insurance information
Third party driver's insurance if applicable
Your own auto policy for UM/UIM coverage
Health insurance explanation of benefits showing payments
Data Preservation: Request your complete data file from Uber (privacy.uber.com) or Lyft (account data request) immediately. This includes trip history, GPS data, and driver information that may be deleted after a certain period.
Demand Letter Strategy
Identifying All Insurance Layers
Scenario
Primary Target
Secondary/Excess
Uber/Lyft driver caused crash
TNC commercial policy ($1M)
Driver's personal auto (if TNC disputes)
Other driver caused crash
At-fault driver's auto policy
TNC UM/UIM ($1M) if insufficient
Both drivers share fault
Both policies proportionally
Pursue each for their share
Uninsured/hit-and-run driver
TNC UM coverage ($1M)
Your personal UM policy
Key Demand Letter Elements
Trip confirmation: Date, time, trip ID, driver name, vehicle information
Accident description: Clear narrative with location, circumstances, fault
Coverage confirmation: Identify which policy period and applicable coverage
Liability analysis: Why the driver (or third party) was negligent
Damages calculation: Medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering
Policy limits demand: For serious injuries, demand full $1M
Response deadline: 30 days is standard for demand letters
Negotiation Strategies
Maximizing Recovery
Document all future medical needs thoroughly
Obtain life care plan for catastrophic injuries
Calculate lost earning capacity, not just lost wages
Include per diem pain and suffering calculations
Reference comparable jury verdicts in your jurisdiction
Common Insurance Tactics
Disputing which policy period applies
Claiming pre-existing conditions caused injuries
Offering quick lowball settlements
Requesting unnecessary medical examinations
Delaying responses to pressure quick settlement
Policy Limits Tip: With $1 million in available coverage, serious injury claims should not settle for small amounts. If liability is clear, the insurance company's exposure justifies substantial offers.
Sample Rideshare Passenger Injury Demand Letter
[Date]
Via Certified Mail and Email
Claims Department
Uber Technologies, Inc.
1515 3rd Street
San Francisco, CA 94158
Re: Personal Injury Claim - Rideshare Passenger
Claimant: [Client Name]
Date of Loss: [Date]
Trip ID: [Uber Trip ID]
Driver: [Driver Name]
Claim Number: [If Assigned]
Dear Claims Representative:
This firm represents [Client Name] regarding serious injuries sustained on [Date] while a passenger in an Uber vehicle. The accident occurred during an active Period 3 trip, triggering your company's $1 million commercial liability policy. We write to demand compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
TRIP AND ACCIDENT DETAILS
On [Date] at approximately [Time], our client requested an Uber ride from [Pickup Location] to [Destination]. Driver [Name], operating a [Year, Make, Model] with license plate [Number], accepted the request. Trip ID [Number] confirms our client was an active passenger.
At approximately [Time], while traveling [direction] on [Street Name] near [Cross Street/Landmark], your driver [describe negligent conduct: ran red light, failed to yield, was following too closely, was distracted by phone, etc.]. The vehicle struck [describe collision: rear-ended stopped traffic, collided with oncoming vehicle, struck pedestrian/cyclist, etc.].
[City] Police responded and prepared report #[Number], which attributes fault to your driver for [violation/negligence described in report].
LIABILITY ANALYSIS
Your driver breached the duty of care owed to passengers by [specific negligent acts]. As a passenger in an active Uber trip, our client had no ability to control the driver's operation of the vehicle. Liability is clear and undisputed based on the police report, witness statements, and physical evidence.
While Uber classifies drivers as independent contractors, our client's claim is against the commercial insurance policy that Uber is required to maintain for passenger protection. The policy provides $1 million in liability coverage during Period 3 trips.
INJURIES AND MEDICAL TREATMENT
Our client sustained the following injuries as a direct result of this collision:
- Cervical disc herniation at C5-C6 with radiculopathy
- Lumbar strain with ongoing muscle spasms
- Grade II concussion with post-concussive syndrome
- Left shoulder rotator cuff tear (partial thickness)
- Contusions and abrasions to face and upper extremities
Medical treatment to date includes:
- Emergency room evaluation and imaging: $8,432
- Orthopedic consultation and MRI studies: $4,890
- Neurology evaluation and cognitive testing: $2,340
- Physical therapy (24 sessions to date): $3,840
- Pain management injections (3 series): $7,200
- Prescription medications: $1,245
Total medical expenses to date: $27,947
Our client's treating physician, Dr. [Name], has recommended surgical intervention for the cervical disc herniation. Estimated surgical costs are $85,000-$120,000 with 6-12 months of post-operative rehabilitation.
LOST WAGES AND EARNING CAPACITY
Our client works as a [Occupation] earning $[Amount] annually. Due to injuries, our client has missed [X] weeks of work, resulting in lost wages of $[Amount]. Post-surgery, an additional 3-4 months of disability is anticipated.
Total lost wages (past and projected): $[Amount]
DEMAND
Based on clear liability, significant injuries requiring surgery, and substantial economic damages, we demand the sum of $[Amount] to resolve all claims. This figure accounts for:
- Past medical expenses: $27,947
- Future medical expenses (surgery and rehab): $105,000
- Past lost wages: $[Amount]
- Future lost wages during recovery: $[Amount]
- Pain and suffering (past): $[Amount]
- Pain and suffering (future): $[Amount]
- Permanent impairment: $[Amount]
Given the severity of injuries and clear liability, we believe this claim has significant value that may approach your policy limits. We invite you to evaluate the claim thoroughly and respond with a reasonable settlement offer within thirty (30) days.
If we cannot reach resolution, we will pursue all available remedies including arbitration as required by your terms of service and/or civil litigation against all responsible parties.
Sincerely,
[Attorney Name]
Attorney for [Client Name]
[Law Firm]
[Address]
[Phone]
[Email]
Enclosures:
- Trip receipt and confirmation
- Police report
- Medical records and billing statements
- Employer verification of lost wages
- Photographs of injuries and vehicle damage
Trip data from the app clearly shows when you requested the ride, when the driver accepted, and when pickup/dropoff occurred. If there's any dispute, the GPS and timestamp data from the app serves as definitive evidence of which coverage period applies.
Almost never. Initial offers are typically 20-40% of claim value. With $1 million in available coverage for serious injuries, there is significant room for negotiation. Wait until you have completed treatment or have a clear prognosis before settling.
Attorney Services & Contact
Rideshare Accident Representation
I represent passengers injured in Uber and Lyft accidents. My practice navigates the complex insurance layers and arbitration requirements to maximize recovery for injured passengers.
Email owner@terms.law or use Calendly for a paid strategy session.