Pet owner, property owner (strict liability in CA)
Why Vacation Rental Cases Are Complex
Multiple potentially liable parties with different insurance
Airbnb's terms of service include arbitration clauses
Host may have inadequate or excluded insurance coverage
Property owners may claim ignorance of short-term rental use
Evidence disappears quickly between guest turnovers
Listings may misrepresent property conditions
Common Vacation Rental Injuries
Traumatic brain injuries from falls
Spinal cord injuries from deck collapses
Drowning and near-drowning injuries
Severe burns from fires or hot tub chemicals
Allergic reactions and respiratory injuries
Emotional trauma from assaults or invasions
Evidence Preservation Alert: Document all hazardous conditions before checkout. Airbnb listings can be modified or deleted, and cleaning crews may repair defects between guests. Screenshot the listing, photograph all defects, and preserve all host communications immediately.
Evidence Collection for Vacation Rental Injuries
Immediate Documentation
Property Evidence
Photographs of hazardous condition from multiple angles
Video walkthrough showing context and surroundings
Measurements of defects (stair height, railing gaps)
Lighting conditions at time of incident
Warning signs (or absence thereof)
Safety equipment condition (smoke detectors, pool fencing)
Digital Evidence
Full Airbnb listing with photos and descriptions
All host communications before and after injury
Booking confirmation and house rules
Host reviews mentioning similar issues
Property reviews you can leave documenting incident
Airbnb support ticket communications
Medical Documentation
Emergency room records: Document mechanism of injury and initial diagnosis
Specialist consultations: Orthopedic, neurological, plastic surgery evaluations
Treatment records: Physical therapy, surgery, medication history
Prognosis statements: Future treatment needs and permanent impairment ratings
Third-Party Evidence
Witness statements from other guests or neighbors
Security camera footage from the property or nearby
Police or fire department reports if emergency services responded
Building inspection records and permit history
HOA complaints or violation notices about the property
Prior guest complaints filed with Airbnb
Listing Preservation: Screenshot the entire Airbnb listing immediately, including all photos, amenity claims, house rules, and safety disclosures. Hosts can modify listings after incidents, and Airbnb may remove listings with safety complaints. Use web archive services for additional preservation.
California Legal Framework for Vacation Rental Injuries
California Premises Liability Law
Property Owner Duties
Civil Code 1714: General duty of care to avoid injury to others
Rowland v. Christian: Property owners must warn of or repair known dangers
Invitee status: Paying guests receive highest duty of care
Inspection duty: Must discover and correct dangerous conditions
Non-delegable duty: Cannot escape liability by hiring property managers
Platform Liability Issues
Section 230 immunity: Platforms often claim immunity as publishers
Actual knowledge exception: Liability if Airbnb knew of specific hazards
Negligent failure to warn: If prior complaints were ignored
California specific: Some courts have limited platform immunity
Exclusions for intentional acts, certain animals, prohibited activities
Host's Homeowner's Insurance
$100K-$500K liability
Many policies exclude short-term rental activities
Landlord's Insurance
$300K-$1M liability
May apply if owner knew of rental activity
Commercial Rental Policy
$1M-$5M liability
Professional hosts may carry commercial coverage
Umbrella Policy
$1M-$10M excess
May provide additional coverage over primary policies
California-Specific Requirements
Smoke and CO detectors: Health & Safety Code 17926 requires working detectors
Pool safety: Swimming Pool Safety Act requires barriers and alarms
Building codes: Local codes may require permits for rental use
Dog bite strict liability: Civil Code 3342 imposes strict liability on dog owners
Two-year statute of limitations: CCP 335.1 for personal injury claims
California Advantage: California's pure comparative negligence rule means you can recover damages even if partially at fault. Additionally, California courts have been more willing than other states to limit platform immunity and hold property owners strictly accountable for guest injuries.
Sample Airbnb Injury Demand Letter
[Date]
Via Certified Mail and Email
[Host Name]
[Host Address or c/o Airbnb Legal Department]
888 Brannan Street
San Francisco, CA 94103
Re: Personal Injury Claim - Vacation Rental Property
Guest: [Client Name]
Property Address: [Rental Address]
Airbnb Listing: [Listing URL or ID]
Incident Date: [Date]
Booking Confirmation: [Confirmation Number]
Dear [Host Name]:
This firm represents [Client Name] regarding serious injuries sustained on [Date] at your Airbnb property located at [Address]. We write to demand compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering resulting from dangerous conditions at your rental property.
FACTS OF THE INCIDENT
On [Date], our client booked your property through Airbnb for a [length] stay. On [Date] at approximately [Time], our client [describe incident - e.g., "fell on the exterior staircase when a wooden step gave way beneath her"]. The [hazardous condition - e.g., "step had visible rot damage and inadequate structural support that was concealed by paint"].
Photographs taken immediately after the incident document [description of defect]. Your Airbnb listing represented the property as [relevant claims from listing, e.g., "recently renovated" or "professionally maintained"], which was materially false.
LIABILITY ANALYSIS
Under California Civil Code section 1714, property owners owe a duty of care to all persons lawfully on their property. As a paying guest, our client was owed the highest duty of care. You breached this duty by:
1. Failing to inspect and maintain the [hazardous condition]
2. Failing to warn guests of the dangerous condition
3. Misrepresenting property conditions in your Airbnb listing
4. Violating California Building Code requirements for [specific violation]
California law imposes liability on property owners who knew or should have known of dangerous conditions. The deteriorated condition of [the hazard] indicates this defect existed for a substantial period before our client's injury.
INJURIES AND DAMAGES
Our client sustained the following documented injuries:
- [Injury 1, e.g., "Comminuted fracture of the right ankle requiring surgical repair"]
- [Injury 2, e.g., "Torn ligaments in the right knee"]
- [Injury 3, e.g., "Lumbar spine strain with ongoing radiculopathy"]
- [Injury 4, e.g., "Extensive contusions and soft tissue injuries"]
Current medical expenses total $[Amount], with an additional $[Amount] in anticipated future treatment including [future treatment needs]. Our client, a [Occupation], has missed [X] weeks of work with lost wages of $[Amount].
DEMAND
Based on the severity of injuries and clear liability, we demand the total sum of $[Amount] to resolve all claims. This figure accounts for:
- Past medical expenses: $[Amount]
- Future medical expenses: $[Amount]
- Lost wages to date: $[Amount]
- Future lost earning capacity: $[Amount]
- Pain, suffering, and loss of enjoyment of life: $[Amount]
We request you forward this letter to your insurance carrier(s), including Airbnb's Host Protection Insurance program. Please provide insurance information within fourteen (14) days.
We expect a substantive response within thirty (30) days. If we cannot reach a reasonable settlement, we will pursue all available legal remedies, including litigation against you personally and claims against Airbnb for negligent platform operation.
Please preserve all evidence related to this property, including maintenance records, prior guest complaints, inspection reports, and the current Airbnb listing.
Sincerely,
[Attorney Name]
Attorney for [Client Name]
[Law Firm]
[Address]
[Phone]
[Email]
Enclosures:
- Medical records and billing statements
- Incident photographs
- Airbnb listing screenshots
- Booking confirmation and communications
- Lost wage documentation
Frequently Asked Questions
Liability typically falls on the property owner/host who has a duty to maintain safe premises. Airbnb itself may share liability in limited circumstances, such as when they failed to remove a listing with known safety issues. Property managers, maintenance companies, and landlords may also be liable depending on their contractual duties and knowledge of hazards.
Airbnb provides up to $1 million in Host Protection Insurance for third-party bodily injury claims. However, this coverage has exclusions for intentional acts, criminal activity, certain animal-related injuries, and injuries occurring during prohibited activities. The host's personal homeowner's or landlord's insurance may also apply, though many policies exclude short-term rental activities.
In California, personal injury claims generally have a two-year statute of limitations under Code of Civil Procedure section 335.1. However, you should send a demand letter and begin negotiations well before this deadline. Discovery rules may extend the deadline if injuries were not immediately apparent, but relying on extensions is risky.
Suing Airbnb directly is difficult because they position themselves as a platform connecting hosts and guests, not as property owners or operators. However, claims against Airbnb may succeed if they had actual knowledge of dangerous conditions and failed to act, or if their negligent vetting of hosts contributed to the injury. Most claims target the host and property owner.
Photograph the hazardous condition immediately, document all property defects, save the Airbnb listing with its safety claims and amenity descriptions, preserve all communications with the host, obtain witness statements from other guests, request security camera footage if available, and screenshot host reviews mentioning similar hazards. Medical records linking your injuries to the incident are essential.
California follows pure comparative negligence, meaning your recovery is reduced by your percentage of fault but not eliminated. If you were 30% at fault for not using available handrails and the property owner was 70% at fault for a broken step, you recover 70% of your damages. Hosts often argue guests assumed obvious risks or failed to exercise reasonable care.
Attorney Services & Contact
Vacation Rental Injury Representation
I represent guests injured at Airbnb properties, VRBO rentals, and other short-term vacation rentals throughout California. My practice handles claims against property owners, hosts, platform companies, and their insurers.
Email owner@terms.law or use Calendly for a paid strategy session.