Surprise Medical Bill? California Demand Letter for Out-of-Network & Balance Billing
You went to an in-network hospital. Then a surprise bill arrived from an out-of-network doctor you never chose. California law says you don't have to pay it. Fight back with this demand letter.
$1,000-$50,000+
Typical Surprise Bills
AB 72 + NSA
Double Protection
DMHC Complaint
Free Resolution Process
⚖ California Laws That Protect You
California has some of the strongest surprise billing protections in the country. Combined with federal law, most surprise medical bills are now illegal.
Health & Safety Code 1371.9 - AB 72 (California Surprise Billing Law)
Since 2017, California's landmark AB 72 protects patients who receive non-emergency services at in-network facilities from out-of-network providers. You only pay in-network cost-sharing. The provider must resolve payment disputes with your insurer - NOT you.
Health & Safety Code 1371.30-1371.31 - Emergency Services Protection
Emergency services must be covered at in-network rates regardless of which hospital you go to or whether providers are in-network. You cannot be balance billed for emergency care - period.
Federal No Surprises Act (Effective January 2022)
Federal law now protects all Americans from surprise bills for: (1) Emergency services anywhere, (2) Non-emergency services at in-network facilities from out-of-network providers, (3) Air ambulance services. Disputes go through Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) between provider and insurer.
Civil Code 3300 - Contract Damages
If you've already paid an illegal surprise bill, you may recover those payments as contract damages. Providers who violate surprise billing laws may be liable for refunds plus potential penalties.
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KEY RULE: You CANNOT Be Balance Billed for Covered Emergency Services
Under both California and federal law, patients cannot be balance billed for emergency services - ever. If you went to the ER and received a balance bill, that bill is almost certainly illegal. You only owe your normal in-network copay/coinsurance/deductible.
📄 Types of Surprise Bills You Can Dispute
These are the most common surprise billing scenarios - all of which are now protected under California and/or federal law:
🏥 Emergency Room Balance Billing
You went to the ER (even at an in-network hospital) and received a separate bill from out-of-network ER doctors, or you went to an out-of-network hospital in an emergency. 100% protected - you only owe in-network rates.
🏢 Out-of-Network Provider at In-Network Facility
You scheduled surgery or a procedure at an in-network hospital, but received a bill from an out-of-network surgeon, assistant surgeon, or hospitalist you never chose. AB 72 protects you.
The most common surprise bills: you had a procedure at an in-network facility, but the anesthesiologist, radiologist, or pathologist was out-of-network. These "facility-based" providers are covered by AB 72.
🚁 Air Ambulance Surprise Charges
Air ambulance bills can exceed $40,000. Under the No Surprises Act, out-of-network air ambulance providers cannot balance bill you. You only pay in-network cost-sharing amounts.
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California AB 72 Is Often Stronger Than Federal Law
AB 72 applies to state-regulated health plans (most Californians) and sets payment at the greater of the insurer's average contracted rate OR 125% of Medicare. The federal No Surprises Act provides a floor of protection, but California patients often have better coverage under state law.
💰 What You Can Recover
Successfully disputing a surprise bill can result in significant savings:
Outcome
Typical Amount
Balance bill elimination - The illegal balance gets dismissed entirely
$1,000 - $50,000+ removed
Refund of amounts already paid - If you paid before learning your rights
Full refund of balance paid
Correct billing at in-network rate - Bill reduced to what you actually owe
Often 50-80% reduction
DMHC/CDI complaint resolution - State agency orders bill dismissal
Can result in full dismissal
Credit report correction - If sent to collections improperly
Removal of negative marks
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Most Surprise Bills Are Resolved Without Litigation
Because the law is clear, most providers and billing companies back down once you cite AB 72 or the No Surprises Act. If they don't, a DMHC complaint usually resolves it. Lawsuits are rarely necessary.
📝 Demand Letter Template
Send this letter via certified mail with return receipt requested. Keep copies of everything.
DISPUTE OF SURPRISE MEDICAL BILL - DEMAND FOR CORRECTION[Your Name][Your Address][City, CA ZIP][Phone][Email][Date]
VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
[Provider/Hospital Name][Billing Department Address][City, State ZIP]
Re: Dispute of Surprise Medical Bill - Violation of California/Federal Law
Patient: [Your Name]
Date of Service: [Date of Service]
Account/Invoice Number: [Account Number]
Amount Disputed: $[Balance Bill Amount]
Dear Billing Department:
I am writing to formally dispute the above-referenced bill as an illegal surprise medical bill under California Health & Safety Code Section 1371.9 (AB 72) and/or the federal No Surprises Act (Public Law 116-260).
FACTS:
1. On [Date of Service], I received [describe services - e.g., "emergency medical treatment" or "surgical services"] at [Hospital/Facility Name].
2. [Choose applicable scenario:]
[ ] This was an EMERGENCY service, and I had no ability to choose my providers.
[ ] This was a scheduled procedure at an IN-NETWORK facility ([Hospital Name] is in-network with my insurance).
[ ] I did NOT consent in writing to receive out-of-network services.
3. I have received a bill from [Provider Name] for $[Amount], which represents balance billing/out-of-network charges beyond what my insurance paid.
4. My health insurance information:
Insurance Company: [Insurance Company Name]
Member ID: [Member ID]
Group Number: [Group Number]LEGAL VIOLATIONS:
This bill violates applicable law because:
[Check all that apply:]
[ ] EMERGENCY SERVICES: Under California Health & Safety Code 1371.30-1371.31 and the federal No Surprises Act, patients CANNOT be balance billed for emergency services. I am only responsible for in-network cost-sharing.
[ ] AB 72 VIOLATION: Under California Health & Safety Code 1371.9, when I receive services at an in-network facility from an out-of-network provider I did not choose, I can only be billed my in-network cost-sharing amount. The provider must seek additional payment from my insurer, not me.
[ ] NO SURPRISES ACT VIOLATION: Under the federal No Surprises Act (effective January 1, 2022), I am protected from balance billing for non-emergency services provided by out-of-network providers at in-network facilities.
[ ] NO VALID CONSENT: I never signed a consent form at least 72 hours in advance acknowledging the provider was out-of-network and agreeing to pay out-of-network rates, as required for any exception to these protections.
DEMAND:
I demand that you immediately:
1. REMOVE the balance billing amount of $[Amount] from my account;
2. Correct my account to reflect only my in-network cost-sharing obligation (if any);
3. [If already paid:] REFUND the amount I have already paid toward this illegal balance bill: $[Amount Paid];
4. Confirm in writing that this matter is resolved and no collection action will be taken;
5. If this bill has been reported to credit bureaus, immediately request deletion of this tradeline.
Please respond in writing within thirty (30) days. If this matter is not resolved, I will:
- File a complaint with the California Department of Managed Health Care (DMHC) or Department of Insurance (CDI);
- File a complaint under the federal No Surprises Act complaint process;
- Pursue all available legal remedies, including recovery of any payments made plus applicable penalties.
I have enclosed copies of my Explanation of Benefits, the disputed bill, and proof of the facility's in-network status with my insurer.
Please contact me at [Phone/Email] to resolve this matter.
Sincerely,
_______________________________
[Your Signature][Your Printed Name]Enclosures:
- Explanation of Benefits (EOB) from insurance
- Copy of disputed bill
- Proof of in-network facility status
- [Any payments made - receipts/bank statements]
- [Emergency room records, if applicable]
cc: [Your Insurance Company]
California Department of Managed Health Care (if filing complaint)
📋 Evidence to Gather Before Sending
✓Explanation of Benefits (EOB) - Shows what insurance paid and what they say you owe
✓Original bill from provider - The surprise bill showing balance billing amount
✓Proof facility is in-network - Screenshot from insurer website or call confirmation
✓Emergency nature documentation - ER records, ambulance reports showing you couldn't choose providers
✓Any payments already made - Receipts, credit card statements, bank records
✓Insurance card and policy information - Member ID, group number, plan type
✓Any consent forms you signed - Review to confirm you didn't consent to out-of-network billing
✓Communication with billing department - Notes from calls, prior letters
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Check for Invalid "Consent" Forms
Providers sometimes try to get patients to sign consent forms waiving surprise billing protections. Under AB 72, consent must be obtained at least 72 hours before non-emergency services, in writing, with a good-faith estimate. Forms signed in the ER or on the day of emergency surgery are NOT valid consent.
📅 What Happens After You Send the Letter
Days 1-14: Provider Reviews Dispute
Billing department reviews your letter. Many providers immediately correct bills when patients cite specific laws.
Days 14-30: Response or Escalation
Provider should respond in writing. If they refuse to correct the bill, prepare to file regulatory complaints.
Day 30+: File DMHC/CDI Complaint
If unresolved, file with California DMHC (for HMO plans) or CDI (for PPO plans). These agencies have enforcement power.
Federal IDR Process
For No Surprises Act violations, you can also initiate the federal Independent Dispute Resolution process. This is primarily for provider-insurer disputes, but you should not be billed during the process.
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DMHC Complaints Are Very Effective
The California DMHC (Department of Managed Health Care) has strong enforcement powers and takes surprise billing complaints seriously. Many patients report full bill dismissal after filing a DMHC complaint. File at: dmhc.ca.gov
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is surprise medical billing?
Surprise medical billing (also called "balance billing") occurs when you receive unexpected charges from out-of-network providers, typically when you had no choice or knowledge that the provider was out-of-network. Common examples include: emergency room visits where you couldn't choose providers, out-of-network anesthesiologists or radiologists at in-network hospitals, and air ambulance services. California's AB 72 and the federal No Surprises Act now protect patients from most of these surprise bills.
Can I be balance billed for emergency services in California?
No. Under California Health & Safety Code 1371.4 and the federal No Surprises Act, you CANNOT be balance billed for emergency services regardless of whether the hospital or providers are in-network or out-of-network. You can only be charged your normal in-network cost-sharing (copay, coinsurance, deductible). If you receive a balance bill for emergency services, you have strong grounds to dispute it.
What is AB 72 (California's surprise billing law)?
AB 72 (Health & Safety Code Section 1371.9) is California's landmark surprise billing protection law, effective since 2017. It protects patients who receive non-emergency services at in-network facilities from out-of-network providers they didn't choose. Under AB 72, you only pay in-network cost-sharing rates, and the out-of-network provider must resolve payment disputes directly with your insurance company - not you. This covers anesthesiologists, radiologists, pathologists, and other specialists at in-network hospitals.
How does the federal No Surprises Act protect me?
The No Surprises Act (effective January 2022) provides federal protection against surprise medical bills for: (1) Emergency services at any facility, (2) Non-emergency services at in-network facilities from out-of-network providers, and (3) Air ambulance services from out-of-network providers. Under this law, you only pay in-network rates, providers cannot bill you for the balance, and disputes go through an Independent Dispute Resolution process between the provider and insurer. California's AB 72 often provides even stronger protections, so California patients get the benefit of both laws.
What should I do if I receive a surprise medical bill?
First, don't pay immediately - many surprise bills are illegal under California or federal law. Steps to take: (1) Review your Explanation of Benefits (EOB) from insurance, (2) Determine if the service was emergency care or at an in-network facility, (3) Check if the provider had your consent to bill out-of-network (required in writing), (4) Send a dispute letter citing AB 72 or the No Surprises Act, (5) If unresolved, file a complaint with the California DMHC (for HMO) or CDI (for PPO), (6) Consider the federal No Surprises Act complaint process. Many patients get surprise bills dismissed entirely.
Can I dispute a bill I already paid?
Yes, you can seek a refund for surprise medical bills you've already paid if the billing violated California or federal law. Send a demand letter requesting a refund, citing the specific law violated (AB 72 or No Surprises Act). If the provider refuses, file a complaint with DMHC or CDI. You may also have grounds for a civil lawsuit to recover the improper charges. The statute of limitations for most billing disputes is 2-4 years, so act promptly.
Large Surprise Bill? I Can Help.
For bills over $10,000 or providers refusing to comply with the law, I can assist with demand letters, regulatory complaints, and litigation if needed.