Collections Exemptions & Defense

Can't Pay Bills After Levy? California Hardship Exemption Guide

The creditor levied your bank account and now you can't pay rent. California allows you to claim a hardship exemption when the levy takes money needed for basic necessities. Here's how to get your money back.

Necessities
Protected
10 Days
To File
Court Hearing
If Opposed

What Is a Hardship Exemption?

When a creditor levies your property - especially your bank account - California law recognizes that some property must remain protected to allow you to survive. The hardship exemption under CCP 703.070 allows you to claim that levied property is "necessary for the support of the judgment debtor and the spouse and dependents of the judgment debtor."

This is different from categorical exemptions (like the homestead or retirement exemptions). The hardship exemption is based on your actual financial circumstances - proving you need the money for basic survival.

When Hardship Exemptions Apply

Time Is Critical

You must file your claim of exemption within 10 days of receiving the notice of levy (15 days if mailed). Miss this deadline and the sheriff releases your money to the creditor - regardless of your hardship. Act immediately.

How to File a Hardship Claim

1

Complete EJ-160

Fill out the Claim of Exemption form. Check the box for property necessary for support.

2

Complete EJ-165

Fill out the detailed Financial Statement showing all income and expenses.

3

Gather Documentation

Collect pay stubs, bills, bank statements, and proof of expenses.

4

File With Sheriff

File the claim with the levying officer (sheriff) and serve the creditor.

What to Include in Your Financial Statement

Form EJ-165 requires you to disclose your complete financial picture:

Be Completely Honest

The financial statement is signed under penalty of perjury. The creditor will scrutinize it for inconsistencies. Hiding assets or income destroys your credibility and can result in perjury charges. If you have some assets but genuinely need the levied funds for necessities, explain your situation honestly.

What Qualifies as "Necessary for Support"

Courts interpret "necessary for support" to mean money needed for basic living expenses - not luxuries or discretionary spending. You must show that losing the levied funds would prevent you from meeting essential needs.

Generally Considered Necessary

Generally NOT Considered Necessary

The Standard: Basic, Not Comfortable

Courts apply a survival standard, not a comfort standard. You don't get to maintain your previous lifestyle at the creditor's expense. You must show the levy prevents meeting basic needs - not that it makes life less comfortable.

The Exemption Hearing

If the creditor opposes your hardship claim, the court schedules a hearing within 20 days. This is where you prove your case.

What to Bring to the Hearing

What to Expect at the Hearing

  1. You present your case first - explain why you need the money
  2. Creditor can cross-examine you about your finances
  3. Creditor presents any contrary evidence
  4. Judge asks questions about your situation
  5. Judge rules immediately or takes matter under submission

Bring Everything

Judges are more sympathetic when you bring comprehensive documentation. A stack of bills and bank statements is more persuasive than oral testimony alone. Organize your documents by category (housing, utilities, medical, etc.) for easy reference.

Required Forms

Form Name Purpose
EJ-160 Claim of Exemption Main form claiming property as exempt
EJ-165 Financial Statement Required disclosure of income and expenses
WG-006 Claim of Exemption (Wages) Specific form for wage garnishment hardship
EJ-170 Notice of Opposition Creditor's opposition to your claim

Frequently Asked Questions

This is exactly what the hardship exemption addresses. Even if you have income or other funds, if those funds are already committed to necessary expenses and the levy prevents you from meeting basic needs, you can claim hardship. The key is showing a detailed budget where income minus necessary expenses leaves nothing extra.

Available credit doesn't defeat a hardship claim. You're not required to go further into debt to pay a judgment creditor. Courts understand that using credit cards for necessities creates more problems. Your hardship claim is based on your actual cash flow, not potential borrowing capacity.

Courts consider your ongoing needs, not just today's expenses. If rent is due next week and the levy took your rent money, that qualifies. However, vague claims about future needs are less persuasive than concrete upcoming obligations. Show specific bills with due dates.

Yes. Courts can order partial release - returning enough for your necessities while leaving some for the creditor. If the creditor levied $5,000 but you only need $3,000 for essentials, the court might release $3,000 and let the creditor have $2,000. Judges try to balance debtor survival with creditor rights.

You would need to file another claim of exemption for each new levy. A successful hardship claim releases only the funds from that specific levy. However, if a creditor repeatedly levies funds that are clearly necessary for support, you might argue the repeated levies constitute harassment and seek sanctions.

Once the deadline passes, the sheriff releases the funds to the creditor and they're generally gone. In rare cases, if you didn't receive proper notice or there were extraordinary circumstances, you might file a motion to vacate. But the standard is high - courts strictly enforce the deadline. If you're close to missing it, file immediately even if incomplete.

$240 /hour

Bank Account Just Got Levied?

The 10-day deadline is unforgiving. I help California debtors file hardship exemption claims quickly and present compelling cases at hearings. Don't wait until it's too late.

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