Wisconsin Corporation Formation Guide

Published: July 16, 2025 β€’ Incorporation
Wisconsin Corporation Formation Guide | Business, Service & Benefit Corporations
πŸ§€ WISCONSIN
Wisconsin Corporation Formation Guide

Complete guide to forming business corporations, service corporations (PCs), and benefit companies in Wisconsin – with tax, compliance, and CTA/BOI coverage

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Formation Filing Fee
$100
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Processing Time (Online)
Same Day
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Annual Report Fee
$25 (online)
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Corporate Tax Rate
7.9%
Looking for LLC formation? See the Wisconsin LLC Formation Guide for limited liability company structures under the new Wisconsin Uniform Limited Liability Company Law (Chapter 183).

Wisconsin Corporation Overview

Statutory Framework

Wisconsin corporations are governed by:

  • Business corporations: Wisconsin Business Corporation Law, Chapter 180
  • Service corporations (professional corporations): Chapter 180 Subchapter XIX (Β§Β§180.1901–180.1921)
  • Benefit corporations: Chapter 204 (overlay on Chapter 180)
  • Nonprofit corporations: Chapter 181 (separate regime for nonstock entities)
Filing Agency: Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions (DFI), Division of Corporate & Consumer Services. All formations, amendments, and annual reports are filed through DFI’s “Business Entity File Online” system.

Common Entity Types

Business Corporation

Best for: Traditional for-profit businesses seeking equity financing, planning to go public, or wanting established corporate governance.

Tax treatment: C-corp (double taxation) or S-corp election (pass-through)

Filing: Articles of Incorporation with DFI under Chapter 180

Formation fee: $100 (same online or mail)

Service Corporation (PC)

Best for: Licensed professionals – especially physicians and health-care providers who cannot practice through LLCs under Wisconsin’s corporate practice of medicine doctrine

Requirements: Only licensed professionals in the same field (or all health-care professionals) may own shares

Statute: Chapter 180 Subchapter XIX

Benefit Corporation

Best for: Mission-driven businesses balancing profit and public benefit

Requirements: Purpose of creating general public benefit; annual benefit statement within 30 days of fiscal year-end; directors consider stakeholder interests beyond shareholders

Election: Stated in Articles of Incorporation under Chapter 204

Foreign Corporation

Best for: Out-of-state corporations doing business in Wisconsin

Requirements: Certificate of Authority from DFI; appoint Wisconsin registered agent

Note: Foreign corporations must file annual reports same as domestic entities

Key Advantages of Wisconsin Corporations

Strengths:
  • Fast processing: Online filings approved same-day; flat $100 formation fee with no hidden costs
  • Low annual compliance: $25 annual report fee (online) – one of the lowest in the nation
  • Flexible governance: One-director corporations allowed; no residency requirement for directors or officers
  • Modern statutes: Chapter 180 based on MBCA; recently updated alongside LLC law overhaul
  • Benefit corporation option: Chapter 204 provides clear public benefit framework without need for separate entity type
  • Strong cooperative law: Chapters 185 and 193 provide traditional and modern cooperative structures if member-owned model fits your business

When to Choose a Corporation vs LLC

Factor Corporation LLC
Equity financing / VC βœ… Preferred structure ⚠️ Less common
Going public (IPO) βœ… Required ❌ Must convert first
Tax flexibility C-corp or S-corp Pass-through (can elect C-corp)
Formality burden High (board meetings, resolutions, minutes) Low
Self-employment tax Only on W-2 salary (S-corp) On all active income (unless C-corp elected)
Medical/health practice Service corp required for physicians ❌ Not permitted for physicians under CPOM
Critical for Physicians: Wisconsin’s corporate practice of medicine doctrine and Β§448.08(4) effectively prohibit physicians from practicing through an LLC or LLP. Physicians must use either a professional partnership or service corporation for the practice of medicine and must comply with CPOM and fee-splitting rules.

Name Requirements

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Business corporation name must contain: “Corporation”, “Company”, “Incorporated”, “Limited”, or abbreviation (Inc., Co., Corp., Ltd.)
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Service corporation naming: Same suffix requirements; purpose clause must specify the professional service
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Name must be distinguishable from existing entities on DFI records (search at wdfi.org/corporations)
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Name reservation available: Optional; reserve name for 120 days (fee applies)

Registered Agent & Registered Office

Registered Agent Requirements:
  • Must have a physical street address in Wisconsin (no PO boxes)
  • Can be an individual Wisconsin resident or a Wisconsin business entity
  • Must be available during business hours to receive service of process
  • Agent’s business office must be the same as the registered office address
Privacy Consideration: Registered agent information becomes public record and is searchable online through DFI’s database. If you prefer to keep your home address private, consider using a commercial registered agent service.

Wisconsin Corporation Formation Steps

Step-by-Step Formation Process

1
Choose and check corporate name

Search DFI business name database to ensure name is distinguishable. Optional: reserve name for 120 days.

2
Appoint Wisconsin registered agent

Must have physical street address in Wisconsin. Can use commercial service or individual/entity willing to serve.

3
Draft & file Articles of Incorporation

File with DFI using online system or mail. Fee: $100 (non-refundable). Online filings approved same-day.

4
Adopt bylaws

Chapter 180 requires bylaws governing internal affairs. Not filed with state; kept in corporate records.

5
Hold organizational meeting

Adopt bylaws, elect directors/officers, authorize share issuance, approve initial resolutions.

6
Issue stock certificates

Issue shares to founders/initial shareholders with proper documentation (stock purchase agreements, board resolutions).

7
File 83(b) election (if applicable)

If founders receive restricted stock subject to vesting, file IRS Form 83(b) within 30 days to avoid future tax surprises.

8
Obtain EIN from IRS

Apply online at IRS.gov (free). Required for bank accounts, payroll, tax filings.

9
Register for Wisconsin taxes

Register with Wisconsin Department of Revenue for corporate income/franchise tax and sales/use tax if applicable.

10
Comply with licensing requirements

Obtain business licenses, professional licenses (for service corporations), and permits as required by city/county and regulatory boards.

Articles of Incorporation – Required Content

Under Β§180.0202, Articles of Incorporation must include:

Field Requirement
Corporate Name With proper suffix (Inc., Corp., Co., Ltd.)
Number of Authorized Shares Total authorized shares; if multiple classes, designate each class and relative rights
Registered Office Address Physical Wisconsin street address (no PO box)
Registered Agent Name Individual or entity name
Incorporator(s) Name and address of each incorporator
Service Corporation? If yes, state purpose of rendering professional services and specify profession
Benefit Corporation? If yes, state that corporation is a benefit corporation under Chapter 204 and purpose of creating general public benefit

Optional Provisions (May Include in Articles)

  • Purpose clause: Beyond general business purposes (required for service and benefit corporations)
  • Preemptive rights: Shareholders have right to purchase pro-rata share of new issuances
  • Director liability limitations: Permitted under Chapter 180 (cannot eliminate liability for bad faith, intentional misconduct, unlawful distributions)
  • Supermajority voting: Require >50% vote for specific corporate actions
  • Classes/series of stock: Preferred stock with liquidation preferences, voting rights, conversion features
  • Indemnification provisions: Broader indemnification of directors/officers than statute

Filing Mechanics

Method Processing Time Fee
Online (DFI Business Entity File Online) Same day $100
Mail 4–7 business days $100
Filing Address (Mail):
Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions
Division of Corporate & Consumer Services
PO Box 7846
Madison, WI 53707-7846
Important: All filing fees are non-refundable per DFI policy, even if the filing is rejected or you abandon the entity later.

First 90 Days: Post-Formation Checklist

Timing Action Notes
Within 7 days Organizational meeting & bylaws Elect directors/officers, adopt bylaws, approve stock issuance
Within 14 days Issue stock & document cap table Stock certificates, purchase agreements, founder vesting if applicable
Within 30 days 83(b) election (if restricted stock) CRITICAL: IRS deadline is 30 days from grant; cannot extend
Within 30 days Obtain EIN from IRS Free online; needed for bank account and taxes
Within 45 days Open corporate bank account Requires EIN, Articles, and corporate resolution
Within 60 days Register with Wisconsin DOR Corporate income/franchise tax registration
Within 90 days Business licenses & permits City/county business licenses, professional licenses if service corp
Ongoing Maintain corporate formalities Board meetings, minutes, resolutions – preserve limited liability

Wisconsin Service Corporations (Professional Corporations)

Statutory Framework

Wisconsin service corporations are governed by Chapter 180 Subchapter XIX (Β§Β§180.1901–180.1921), which overlays the general Business Corporation Law with professional-practice requirements.

Definition: A “service corporation” is a corporation organized under Chapter 180 for the specific purpose of rendering professional services and ancillary services related to those professional services.

Who Must or May Use a Service Corporation

Wisconsin law and regulatory board rules require or permit service corporations for licensed professionals, including:

Medical / Health Care (REQUIRED)

  • Physicians (MD, DO): MUST use service corporation or professional partnership due to corporate practice of medicine doctrine and Β§448.08(4)
  • Dentists
  • Chiropractors
  • Optometrists
  • Veterinarians
  • Nurse practitioners
  • Physical therapists

Legal Professionals

  • Attorneys (may also use LLC or LLP; check Wisconsin State Bar rules)

Accounting & Financial

  • Certified Public Accountants (CPAs)
  • Public accountants

Design & Engineering

  • Architects
  • Professional engineers
  • Land surveyors
  • Landscape architects
Critical for Physicians: Wisconsin’s corporate practice of medicine doctrine effectively prohibits physicians from practicing through an LLC or LLP. Physicians must use either:
  • A professional partnership (general or limited partnership under Chapter 178/179), or
  • A service corporation under Chapter 180 Subchapter XIX

Attempting to practice medicine through an LLC in Wisconsin will violate Β§448.08(4) and may result in regulatory action.

Check Your Licensing Board: Each profession’s regulatory board may have specific rules on entity ownership, control, and permitted business forms. Always verify with your board before formation.

Formation of a Service Corporation

Service corporation formation uses the same Articles of Incorporation filing as business corporations, but with key differences:

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Specify professional purpose: Articles must state the corporation is organized to render professional services and specify the profession (e.g., “to practice medicine,” “to practice law”)
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Corporate name: Must include corporate suffix (Inc., Corp., etc.); some professions prefer or require “S.C.” designation
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All shareholders must be licensed: Only licensed professionals in the same field (or all health-care professionals) may own shares, unless board rules permit exceptions
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Directors and officers: Generally must be licensed professionals, though some boards allow limited non-licensed participation in business management roles
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Cannot engage in unrelated business: Β§180.1911 restricts service corporations to professional services and ancillary activities

Ownership & Control Restrictions

Key Service Corp Rule (Β§180.1903): Only licensed professionals in the same profession (or all health-care professionals) may be shareholders. Directors and officers generally must also be licensed, though some boards permit non-licensed business managers in limited capacities.

Share Transfer & Disqualification

Service corporation Articles or bylaws should address:

  • Transfer restrictions: Shares may only be transferred to other licensed professionals in the same field (or health-care professionals if applicable)
  • Disqualification events: If a shareholder loses their license (suspension, revocation, voluntary surrender), they must dispose of shares or the corporation must redeem them
  • Redemption mechanics: Specify valuation method and timing for repurchase of disqualified shareholder’s stock
  • Buy-sell provisions: Address death, disability, retirement, and voluntary departure scenarios

Liability for Professional Services

No Shield for Malpractice: The service corporation does not shield individual professionals from personal liability for their own malpractice or negligence. The service corporation limits liability for business debts and (in some cases) for other professionals’ malpractice, but each professional remains liable for their own professional acts.

Annual Reports & Ongoing Compliance

  • Service corporations file Annual Reports with DFI under Β§180.1921, same as regular corporations
  • Annual report due each year in the calendar-year quarter containing the anniversary of incorporation
  • Fee: $25 (online) or $40 (mail)
  • Service corporations must maintain professional liability insurance if required by licensing board
  • Must comply with continuing education, ethics rules, and all professional regulations

Service Corp vs LLC for Professional Practice

Factor Service Corp LLC
Available to physicians? βœ… Yes ❌ No (CPOM violation)
Formality High (board, officers, bylaws, minutes) Medium
Liability shield Yes (except own malpractice) Yes (except own malpractice)
Tax default C-corp (can elect S-corp) Pass-through
Annual report fee $25 (online) $25 (online)
For attorneys: Wisconsin attorneys may practice through service corporations, LLCs, or LLPs. Check Wisconsin State Bar rules and Professional Liability Fund guidance for entity choice considerations specific to legal practice.

Wisconsin Benefit Corporations

What is a Wisconsin Benefit Corporation?

Wisconsin benefit corporations are governed by Chapter 204, which overlays Chapter 180’s Business Corporation Law with public benefit requirements.

Key Concept: A benefit corporation is a for-profit entity with a legal obligation to create general public benefit (a material positive impact on society and the environment as a whole) and to consider the interests of stakeholders beyond shareholders when making decisions.

How to Elect Benefit Corporation Status

1
At formation: Include in Articles of Incorporation that the corporation is a benefit corporation under Chapter 204 and state the purpose of creating general public benefit
2
Post-formation: Amend Articles to add benefit corporation status (requires shareholder approval per Chapter 204 requirements)
3
Include purpose statement: Articles must state the company’s purpose of creating general public benefit (and may identify one or more specific public benefits)

Benefit Corporation Requirements (Chapter 204)

1. General Public Benefit Purpose

The corporation’s purpose must be to create general public benefit, defined as a material positive impact on society and the environment as a whole, assessed through a third-party standard.

2. Stakeholder Consideration Duty

Directors must consider the effects of decisions on:

  • Shareholders
  • Employees
  • Customers
  • Community and societal factors
  • Local and global environment
  • Other stakeholders identified in Articles or bylaws

3. Annual Benefit Statement

Must prepare an annual benefit statement within 30 days after each fiscal year end, including:

  • Objectives the board established to promote general/specific public benefit
  • Standards used to measure progress toward objectives
  • Factual description of actions taken and extent of success
  • Any circumstances that hindered creation of benefit

Statement must be provided to shareholders (not necessarily publicly posted, unlike some states).

4. Third-Party Standard

The benefit statement should assess performance against a third-party standard, which must be:

  • Comprehensive
  • Credible
  • Independent
  • Transparent

Common standards: B Lab (B Corp certification), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), others.

Specific Public Benefit Examples (Optional)

In addition to general public benefit, a benefit corporation may identify one or more specific public benefits in its Articles, such as:

  • Providing low-income or underserved individuals with beneficial products or services
  • Promoting economic opportunity beyond job creation
  • Protecting or restoring the environment
  • Improving human health
  • Promoting the arts, sciences, or advancement of knowledge
  • Increasing the flow of capital to entities with a public benefit purpose
  • Conferring any other particular benefit on society or the environment

Enforcement & Accountability

Benefit Enforcement: Chapter 204 allows shareholders (and in some cases directors) to bring derivative actions to enforce the public benefit purpose. General public or stakeholders do not have standing to sue. Typical remedies are injunctive or declaratory relief, not monetary damages.

Benefit Corporation vs B Corp Certification

Aspect Benefit Corporation (Legal Status) B Corp Certification (Voluntary)
What is it? Legal entity type under Wisconsin law Third-party certification by B Lab (nonprofit)
Requirement Mandatory stakeholder duties, annual benefit statement Score β‰₯80 on B Impact Assessment; recertify every 3 years
Who can verify? Shareholders can enforce via derivative action B Lab audits performance
Can you do both? βœ… Yes – many companies elect benefit corporation status AND pursue B Corp certification

Tax Treatment

No special tax treatment: Benefit corporations are taxed identically to regular corporations (C-corp or S-corp election). The benefit corporation election does not confer nonprofit or tax-exempt status.

When to Choose Benefit Corporation Status

βœ… Good fit if:
  • Mission-driven business with measurable social/environmental impact goals
  • Want legal protection for directors to prioritize stakeholder interests over short-term profit maximization
  • Seeking impact investors who require benefit corporation or B Corp status
  • Want to signal commitment to stakeholders and community (marketing/brand benefit)
  • Comfortable with annual benefit statement preparation and shareholder reporting
⚠️ Consider carefully if:
  • Seeking traditional VC funding (some VCs hesitate due to stakeholder duties that may conflict with shareholder primacy)
  • Annual benefit statement preparation is too burdensome for current stage
  • Not ready to commit to structured third-party standard assessment

Corporate Governance & Records

Bylaws

Chapter 180 requires adoption of bylaws to govern the corporation’s internal affairs.

Bylaws govern: Meetings, notice, quorum, voting, officer titles, issuance of shares, preemptive rights (if any), indemnification, amendment procedures. Bylaws are not filed with DFI; they are kept in the corporate records book.

Typical Bylaw Provisions

  • Board of directors: Number (fixed or range), election, term, removal, vacancies, quorum, voting
  • Officers: Titles (President, Secretary, Treasurer, etc.), appointment, duties, removal
  • Shareholder meetings: Annual meeting timing, special meetings, notice requirements, quorum, voting procedures
  • Board meetings: Regular vs special meetings, notice, quorum, action by written consent
  • Stock issuance: Authorization, certificates, transfer restrictions, preemptive rights
  • Indemnification: When corporation indemnifies directors/officers for legal expenses
  • Amendment: How bylaws may be amended (typically by board or shareholders)

Directors & Officers

Role Wisconsin Requirement
Minimum directors At least one director required
Director residency No residency requirement
Director qualifications No requirement to be shareholder (unless bylaws impose)
Officers Bylaws typically designate officer titles and duties; one officer must maintain corporate records
Same person multiple roles? βœ… Yes – one person may hold multiple officer titles and serve as director
Board Authority: Directors manage the business and affairs of the corporation and may delegate day-to-day management to officers. Directors owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporation and shareholders.

Shareholder Meetings & Consents

  • Annual meeting required: Wisconsin law requires an annual shareholder meeting (but can be satisfied by written consent if all required votes obtained)
  • Action by written consent: Permitted if the number of consents equals or exceeds the votes required at a meeting
  • Notice requirements: Bylaws specify notice timing and method for meetings; Chapter 180 sets minimum notice periods

Corporate Records Requirements

Chapter 180 requires corporations to maintain detailed records. Failure to maintain records can lead to piercing of the corporate veil and personal liability for directors/shareholders.

Required Records (Must Maintain):

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Minutes of all shareholder meetings and records of actions taken by shareholders without a meeting for at least three years
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Appropriate accounting records
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Shareholder list with names, addresses, and number/class of shares held
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Articles of Incorporation and all amendments currently in effect
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Bylaws and all amendments currently in effect
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Board resolutions creating classes/series of shares (if applicable)
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Written communications to shareholders generally in past three years
Practical Tip: Maintain a corporate records binder (physical or digital) with all of the above. If you’re ever sued and a court finds you failed to maintain corporate formalities, you risk piercing the corporate veil – meaning personal liability for corporate debts.

Annual Report Timing – Quarter-Based System

Under Β§180.1622, corporations must file annual reports each year during the calendar-year quarter that contains the anniversary of incorporation.

Incorporation Date Anniversary Quarter Annual Report Due By
January 1 – March 31 Q1 March 31
April 1 – June 30 Q2 June 30
July 1 – September 30 Q3 September 30
October 1 – December 31 Q4 December 31
Incomplete reports: If DFI returns a report for correction and it is corrected within 30 days, the report is considered timely filed.

Foreign Corporations Doing Business in Wisconsin

What is a Foreign Corporation?

A foreign corporation is a corporation formed under the laws of another state or country. If a foreign corporation conducts business in Wisconsin, it must register for authority to transact business with DFI.

When Foreign Qualification is Required

Transacting Business in Wisconsin: Generally includes:
  • Maintaining an office in Wisconsin
  • Employing workers in Wisconsin on a regular basis
  • Owning or leasing real property in Wisconsin for business purposes
  • Regular, ongoing sales or service activities in Wisconsin beyond isolated transactions

Penalty for non-compliance: Unable to sue in Wisconsin courts; liable for back fees and penalties; officers/directors may face personal liability under some circumstances.

Safe harbors (typically NOT “transacting business”):
  • Maintaining bank accounts in Wisconsin
  • Holding shareholder/board meetings in Wisconsin
  • Maintaining passive investments through Wisconsin brokers
  • Isolated or occasional transactions
  • Selling through independent contractors/distributors who take title to goods

Application for Authority

File Application for Authority to Transact Business with DFI. Required information:

  • Corporate name (must be available/distinguishable in Wisconsin; may need to register alternate name)
  • State/country of incorporation
  • Date of incorporation
  • Wisconsin registered agent name and street address
  • Principal office address
  • Certificate of Good Standing from home jurisdiction

Filing fee: Check current DFI fee schedule; foreign corporations file annual reports same as domestic entities ($25 online / $40 mail).

Foreign Service Corporations

Foreign service corporations (e.g., medical practice incorporated in Illinois) doing business in Wisconsin must:

  • Register for authority to transact business with DFI
  • Ensure shareholders, directors, and officers meet Wisconsin licensing requirements for the profession
  • Comply with Wisconsin professional practice regulations (including CPOM for physicians)

Annual Reports for Foreign Corporations

Foreign corporations file annual reports same as domestic corporations:

Entity Type Annual Report Fee Due Date
Domestic Corporation $25 (online) / $40 (mail) Anniversary quarter of incorporation
Foreign Corporation $25 (online) / $40 (mail) Anniversary quarter of Wisconsin registration
Failure to file: Leads to revocation of authority to transact business in Wisconsin under Β§Β§180.1530–1531. Entity cannot sue in Wisconsin courts and may face penalties. Reinstatement requires back-filings and fees.

CTA / BOI Reporting for Foreign Corporations

Under FinCEN’s March 26, 2025 Interim Final Rule (IFR):

Domestic Wisconsin corporations: If your corporation is formed under Wisconsin law, you currently have no CTA BOI filing obligation under the IFR. Entities created under U.S. state law are no longer “reporting companies” as of the March 2025 rule change.
Foreign corporations ARE reporting companies: Entities formed under foreign country law (e.g., Canadian corporation, UK limited company, German GmbH) that register to do business in Wisconsin are BOI reporting companies unless they qualify for a statutory exemption.

BOI Deadlines for Foreign Reporting Companies

Registration Timing BOI Filing Deadline
Registered before March 26, 2025 April 25, 2025 (30 days from IFR publication)
Register on or after March 26, 2025 30 days after registration becomes effective
Exemptions: Foreign corporations may qualify for exemptions if they meet criteria such as:
  • Large operating company: >20 full-time U.S. employees, >$5M gross receipts/sales, physical U.S. office
  • SEC-registered issuer
  • Regulated entities: Banks, credit unions, broker-dealers, investment companies, insurance companies

Check FinCEN’s full exemption list at fincen.gov.

Withdrawal of Authority

When a foreign corporation ceases doing business in Wisconsin, it should file Application for Withdrawal with DFI to formally terminate its authority. This avoids continued annual report obligations and fees.

Wisconsin Tax & Compliance

Wisconsin Corporate Income/Franchise Tax

Wisconsin imposes a corporate income/franchise tax on C-corporations doing business in or deriving income from Wisconsin.

Wisconsin Corporate Tax Rate

Tax Base Rate
Wisconsin taxable income 7.9%
Tax base: Federal taxable income with Wisconsin modifications (additions and subtractions per Wisconsin law). Wisconsin follows federal corporate tax rules with state-specific adjustments.

S-Corporation Tax Treatment in Wisconsin

Wisconsin generally recognizes federal S-corporation elections:

  • S-corporation income passes through to shareholders
  • Shareholders pay Wisconsin personal income tax on their distributive share
  • S-corporations themselves generally do not pay Wisconsin corporate income tax (with limited exceptions for built-in gains and passive investment income)
  • S-corporations must file Wisconsin S-corporation returns annually
Wisconsin conforms to federal S-corp rules: If you elect S-corporation status with the IRS, Wisconsin automatically recognizes that election. No separate state-level S-corp election required.

Wisconsin Personal Income Tax (Pass-Through Impact)

For S-corps, income passes through to individual shareholders, who pay Wisconsin personal income tax at graduated rates.

Wisconsin Personal Income Tax Rates (2024)

Taxable Income (Single) Rate
Up to $13,810 3.54%
$13,810 – $27,630 4.65%
$27,630 – $304,170 5.30%
Over $304,170 7.65%
Note: Rates are subject to change; check Wisconsin Department of Revenue for current tax brackets.

Sales and Use Tax

Wisconsin imposes a 5% state sales tax plus local sales taxes (counties may impose additional taxes, typically 0.5%).

  • Businesses selling taxable goods/services must register with Wisconsin DOR
  • Collect sales tax at point of sale
  • Remit sales tax to DOR on monthly, quarterly, or annual basis depending on volume
  • E-commerce sellers may have nexus obligations under economic nexus rules

Tax Comparison: C-Corp vs S-Corp

Tax C-Corp S-Corp
Corporate income tax 7.9% on WI taxable income Generally exempt (pass-through)
Personal income tax (on distributions) Up to 7.65% (dividends) Up to 7.65% (pass-through)
Double taxation? βœ… Yes (corporate + dividend) ❌ No (pass-through)
Self-employment tax N/A (W-2 wages only) Only on reasonable salary (not distributions)

Employer Taxes & Payroll

If you have employees in Wisconsin:

  • Payroll withholding: Must withhold Wisconsin personal income tax from employee wages and remit to Wisconsin DOR
  • Unemployment insurance: Register with Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development; pay state unemployment tax (rates vary by industry and experience)
  • Workers’ compensation: Required if you have employees (obtain through private insurer)

Annual Report Filing (DFI)

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Due date: During the calendar-year quarter containing the anniversary of incorporation (or registration for foreign corps)
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Fee: $25 (online) or $40 (mail) for both domestic and foreign corporations
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Content: Update registered agent, principal office, directors/officers, business description, capital structure
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Failure to file: Administrative dissolution (domestic) or revocation (foreign); reinstatement requires back fees

CTA / BOI Reporting (Beneficial Ownership Information)

Under FinCEN’s March 26, 2025 Interim Final Rule:

βœ… Domestic Wisconsin corporations: No longer BOI reporting companies as of the IFR. Domestic U.S. entities (corporations and LLCs formed in Wisconsin or any other U.S. state) are exempt from BOI reporting under the current rule.
⚠️ Foreign corporations registered in Wisconsin: Entities formed under foreign country law that register to do business in Wisconsin ARE BOI reporting companies (unless they qualify for a statutory exemption). Foreign entities must file BOI reports with FinCEN within 30 days of registration.

FinCEN Residential Real Estate Rule (RRE Rule)

Separate from CTA/BOI, FinCEN has issued a Residential Real Estate Rule targeting non-financed (“all-cash”) transfers of residential real estate to legal entities or trusts.

Key points:
  • Final rule issued August 29, 2024; reporting requirement postponed to March 1, 2026 via FinCEN exemptive relief
  • Applies when a legal entity or trust purchases residential real estate with cash or private financing (no institutional mortgage)
  • Reporting person (title/settlement agent or attorney) must file a Real Estate Report with detailed beneficial ownership info
  • Direct purchases by individuals are outside the RRE Rule
⚠️ For Wisconsin corporations buying residential real estate: If your corporation purchases residential property for cash (or private financing), the closing agent will be required to file a Real Estate Report with FinCEN starting March 1, 2026. This is separate from BOI reporting under the CTA.

Common Pitfalls – Law Office Perspective

After handling hundreds of Wisconsin corporation formations and clean-up projects, I see the same mistakes repeatedly. Avoid these pitfalls:

1. Physicians Trying to Practice Through an LLC

The problem: Physician forms LLC and starts seeing patients, unaware that Wisconsin’s corporate practice of medicine doctrine prohibits this.

Result: Regulatory action by Wisconsin Medical Board; potential violation of Β§448.08(4); entity must be dissolved and reformed as service corporation or professional partnership.

Fix: Physicians must use service corporations or professional partnerships in Wisconsin. Before forming any entity for medical practice, consult with both a business attorney and your professional liability insurance carrier.

2. Skipping the 83(b) Election (Founders with Restricted Stock)

The problem: Founders receive stock subject to vesting but fail to file IRS Form 83(b) within 30 days. Result: Massive tax bill when shares vest (even if you haven’t sold anything).

Example: Founder receives 1M shares at $0.001/share FMV ($1,000 total). One year later, 250K shares vest at $1/share FMV = $250K ordinary income, requiring immediate tax payment on phantom income.

Fix: File 83(b) within 30 days of grant. Pay tax on $1,000 upfront. When shares vest, $0 additional tax. Save tens of thousands in taxes.

3. Failing to Maintain Corporate Formalities (Piercing Risk)

The problem: No board meetings, no minutes, no resolutions, commingling corporate and personal funds, treating corporation as “alter ego.”

Result: When sued, court pierces the corporate veil and holds directors/shareholders personally liable for corporate debts.

Fix: Hold annual shareholder meetings (or document written consents), hold quarterly board meetings (or consents), maintain separate bank accounts, maintain corporate records book with all required documents, document all major decisions in board resolutions.

4. Missing Annual Report Deadlines β†’ Administrative Dissolution

The problem: Forget to file annual report by quarter-end containing anniversary date. DFI administratively dissolves the corporation. You can’t sue in Wisconsin courts, and reinstatement requires back fees.

Fix: Set calendar reminders 30 days before quarter-end. File online at DFI Business Entity File Online (takes <5 minutes). Fee: $25/year online.

5. Electing S-Corp Status Without Understanding Restrictions

The problem: File IRS Form 2553 to elect S-corp tax treatment, then violate S-corp eligibility rules (>100 shareholders, non-U.S. shareholders, corporate/partnership shareholders, multiple classes of stock). Result: IRS terminates S-corp election β†’ retroactive C-corp taxation + penalties.

Fix: Before electing S-corp, ensure:

  • ≀100 shareholders (all individuals, estates, or certain trusts)
  • All shareholders are U.S. citizens/residents
  • Only one class of stock (all shares have identical rights to distributions and liquidation proceeds)

6. Granting Founder Equity Without Vesting

The problem: Co-founders each get 50% of stock upfront with no vesting. One co-founder leaves after 6 months. They keep 50% forever while remaining founder works for 3 years.

Result: VCs won’t fund you (cap table is a disaster), you can’t recruit a replacement without massive dilution, departed co-founder gets huge payout at exit for minimal work.

Fix: Standard 4-year vesting with 1-year cliff on all founder stock. Use reverse vesting (founders get shares upfront, but company has repurchase right at nominal price for unvested shares). File 83(b) within 30 days.

7. Using Registered Agent = Founder’s Home Address (Privacy Issue)

The problem: Registered agent address becomes public record, searchable by anyone. If you use your home address, you’ve just published your home address to the world.

Result: Junk mail, unwanted solicitations, privacy invasion, potential security concerns.

Fix: Use a commercial registered agent service ($100–$300/year) with a business address. Keep your home address private.

8. Service Corporation Ownership Violations

The problem: Service corp shareholders/directors are not licensed in the profession, or lose their license and fail to divest shares. Regulatory board investigates; entity may be forced to dissolve or face fines.

Fix: Ensure all service corp shareholders and directors meet licensing requirements under Β§180.1903. Include automatic redemption provisions in bylaws/shareholders agreement for disqualified shareholders.

9. Benefit Corporation Election Without Annual Statement Preparation Plan

The problem: Elect benefit corporation status, then forget about the annual benefit statement requirement (due within 30 days of fiscal year-end). No statement = breach of Chapter 204; shareholders can bring derivative action.

Fix: Before electing benefit corporation status, ensure you have resources to:

  • Assess performance against a third-party standard (B Lab, GRI, etc.)
  • Prepare and provide annual benefit statement to shareholders
  • Consider stakeholder interests in major decisions (document in board minutes)

10. Foreign Corporation Operating in Wisconsin Without Registration

The problem: Delaware/Nevada corporation does business in Wisconsin (office, employees, sales) but never files for authority to transact business. Gets sued; can’t defend in Wisconsin court because not qualified. Liable for back fees + penalties.

Fix: If you’re transacting business in Wisconsin (not just isolated transactions), file Application for Authority with DFI before you start. Cheaper than penalties and inability to sue/defend.

My Services – Wisconsin Corporation Formation

I handle Wisconsin corporation formations as an attorney-led service, not a commodity filing shop. You work directly with meβ€”an experienced business attorneyβ€”through the entire process.

Service Packages

Standard Formation

$1,500

Best for: Straightforward business corporations with simple ownership

Includes:

  • Name availability search and reservation (if needed)
  • Articles of Incorporation drafting and filing with DFI
  • Standard bylaws (single class of stock, simple governance)
  • Organizational resolutions and board consents
  • Stock certificates and ledger setup
  • EIN application assistance
  • Wisconsin DOR registration guidance
  • First-year compliance calendar

Professional / Benefit Formation

$2,200

Best for: Service corporations (PCs), benefit companies, or multiple founder scenarios with vesting

Includes everything in Standard, plus:

  • Service corporation Articles and regulatory compliance review
  • Licensing board coordination (Medical Board, etc.)
  • Benefit corporation election and benefit statement setup (if applicable)
  • Founder vesting schedule and restricted stock agreements
  • 83(b) election preparation and filing assistance
  • Shareholders agreement (buy-sell, redemption, transfer restrictions)
  • Multiple classes of stock if needed

Equity Financing Ready

$3,500

Best for: Venture-backed startups raising seed/Series A, or planning to raise equity within 12 months

Includes everything in Professional, plus:

  • Delaware-standard governance documents (Wisconsin entity, VC-friendly terms)
  • Option pool setup (equity incentive plan for employees)
  • Preferred stock creation (if seed round imminent)
  • Board observer rights and protective provisions drafting
  • Cap table modeling and dilution scenarios
  • Investor-ready data room setup (corporate records binder, minute book)
  • SAFE/convertible note template review (if pre-seed fundraising)
  • 409A valuation vendor coordination

Add-On Services

Service Fee
Foreign corporation registration (Authority to Transact Business) $800
S-corp election (Form 2553 preparation and filing) $400
Benefit company annual statement preparation $600/year
Corporate records clean-up (missing minutes, consents, resolutions) $1,200+
Conversion (LLC to C-corp, or vice versa) $2,000+
Registered agent service (annual) $200/year
Annual report filing service (ongoing compliance) $300/year

Why Work With Me?

  • Attorney-led service: I personally handle your formation, not a paralegal or automated system
  • Wisconsin expertise: Deep knowledge of Wisconsin corporate law (Chapter 180), professional practice regulations, and DFI filing procedures
  • Medical/health-care focus: I understand CPOM requirements and service corporation compliance for physicians and health-care providers
  • Startup-friendly: I understand venture financing, founder vesting, option pools, and 409A valuations
  • Fixed fees: No surprise bills; all packages are flat-fee with clear scope
  • Long-term relationship: I’m here for amendments, compliance, fundraising docs, and exit planning as you grow

Contact & Booking

Ready to form your Wisconsin corporation? Let’s discuss your needs and determine the right package.

πŸ“§ Email: owner@terms.law
πŸ“… Schedule a call: Use the Calendly link below to book a 30-minute strategy session.

Schedule Strategy Session

Ready to Form Your Wisconsin Corporation?

Let’s discuss your entity structure, tax strategy, and compliance roadmap.

Email Me: owner@terms.law Schedule a Call