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Претензия по ускорению вестинга (Vesting Acceleration)
Досудебное требование к стартапу по acceleration of vesting при change of control, termination without cause или нарушении обещаний. Права основателей и ранних сотрудников на ускоренный вестинг опционов и restricted stock по американскому праву.
1-4 года Типичный vesting period
Single/Double Trigger acceleration
90 дней Exercise window post-exit
Когда возникает право на vesting acceleration
Типичные ситуации

Вы основатель или ранний сотрудник стартапа с equity (options, RSUs, restricted stock). Компания продаётся (M&A, acqui-hire) или вас увольняют без причины (termination without cause), или меняется контроль компании (change of control). Согласно вашему stock option plan, equity grant agreement или offer letter, у вас есть acceleration clause: single-trigger или double-trigger. Компания отказывает в ускорении вестинга или требует отработки notice period, несмотря на условия договора.

Основные сценарии требования acceleration
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Single-Trigger Acceleration
Change of control (продажа компании, merger, asset sale) автоматически ускоряет unvested equity (25-100%). Компания отказывает, требует продолжения работы в acquiring company или ссылается на technicalities.
Double-Trigger Acceleration
Требуется два события: (1) change of control + (2) termination without cause или with good reason в течение определённого периода (обычно 12-18 месяцев). Компания оспаривает characterization of termination.
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Constructive Termination
"Good reason" termination: материальное изменение роли, снижение зарплаты, relocation требование без согласия. Compulsory resignation приравнивается к involuntary termination для целей acceleration.
Exercise Window Dispute
После termination или exit: 90-day exercise window для options (стандарт), но компания отказывает в acceleration, и за 90 дней невозможно реализовать ценность unvested equity. Требование extended exercise period.
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Repurchase Right Abuse
Компания требует repurchase vested stock по original grant price (book value) вместо FMV или acquisition price. Несоответствие repurchase terms условиям equity grant agreement.
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Breach of Promise
Устные обещания founders/executives об acceleration при определённых events (fundraise milestone, early exit) не отражены в written agreements. Требование promissory estoppel или reformation of contract.
Когда отправлять demand letter

Немедленно при возникновении triggering event:

  • Change of control закрылась (signing или closing, в зависимости от definition в документах)
  • Вы получили notice of termination without cause или resigned for good reason
  • Компания отказала в признании acceleration или не предоставила calculation в течение 10-15 дней
  • Exercise window начинает истекать (особенно критично для 90-day post-termination window)

Demand letter служит нескольким целям:

  • Formal notice: компания не может ссылаться на "we didn't know you were claiming acceleration"
  • Deadline pressure: ускоряет escalation к Board/acquirer если HR/management игнорируют
  • Preservation: требование preserve документов (Board minutes, valuation reports, transaction docs)
  • Tolling statutes of limitations: в некоторых штатах письменное требование останавливает часы
Timing критичен для опционов

Options обычно имеют 90-day post-termination exercise window. Если вы оспариваете denial of acceleration, 90 дней могут истечь до разрешения спора. В demand letter требуйте либо (1) immediate acceleration, либо (2) tolling/extension of exercise window до разрешения. Иначе рискуете forfeiture всех options.

Шаблоны претензий по vesting acceleration

Ниже — английские фрагменты demand letter для разных сценариев vesting acceleration dispute. Копируйте, адаптируйте под ваши конкретные agreement terms и circumstances.

Основные блоки претензии
Opening - Single-Trigger Acceleration
I represent [YOUR NAME] in connection with [his/her] equity rights under the [COMPANY NAME] [2020] Equity Incentive Plan and Stock Option Agreement dated [DATE] (the "Option Agreement"). On [DATE], [COMPANY] completed a Change of Control transaction pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger with [ACQUIRER]. Under Section [X] of the Option Agreement, this Change of Control triggers single-trigger acceleration of [X]% of [YOUR NAME]'s unvested stock options. This letter constitutes formal demand that [COMPANY] immediately recognize and effect the acceleration of [NUMBER] unvested options in accordance with the Option Agreement.
Укажите точную дату closing и section number для acceleration clause
Double-Trigger - Termination Without Cause
On [DATE], [COMPANY] terminated [YOUR NAME]'s employment without Cause, as confirmed in the termination notice dated [DATE]. This termination occurred [X] days following the Change of Control event on [COC DATE]. Section [X] of the Option Agreement provides for 100% acceleration of unvested options upon (i) a Change of Control and (ii) termination without Cause within 12 months following such Change of Control. Both conditions have been satisfied. [COMPANY]'s refusal to recognize this acceleration (or assertion that the termination was for "Cause") is unsupported by the Agreement and contradicted by the facts.
Для double-trigger подчеркните наличие обоих conditions precedent
Good Reason Resignation
On [DATE], [YOUR NAME] resigned for Good Reason as defined in Section [X] of the [Severance Agreement/Option Agreement]. Specifically, [COMPANY/ACQUIRER]: (a) Materially reduced [YOUR NAME]'s base salary from $[AMOUNT] to $[REDUCED AMOUNT]; (b) Relocated [YOUR NAME]'s principal work location from [CITY] to [NEW CITY], more than 50 miles from the original location; and/or (c) Materially diminished [YOUR NAME]'s duties and responsibilities by [DESCRIBE]. [YOUR NAME] provided written notice of these breaches on [DATE] and allowed the 30-day cure period as required by Section [X]. [COMPANY] failed to cure. Resignation for Good Reason is treated as termination without Cause for purposes of vesting acceleration.
Убедитесь, что соблюли notice & cure requirements для good reason
Exercise Window Extension Demand
The Option Agreement provides a 90-day post-termination exercise window. [YOUR NAME]'s termination became effective [DATE], meaning the exercise window expires on [DATE]. [COMPANY]'s refusal to recognize acceleration creates an untenable situation: [YOUR NAME] cannot exercise unvested options that should have accelerated, yet the 90-day clock continues to run on vested options. This effective forfeiture is contrary to the intent and terms of the Option Agreement. Accordingly, [YOUR NAME] demands that [COMPANY] either (i) immediately confirm acceleration and provide an exercise packet, or (ii) toll the exercise window until this dispute is resolved. Failure to do so will constitute an additional breach and waiver of any time-limitation defenses.
Критично для options - требуйте tolling если спор не разрешится за 90 дней
Calculation & Payment Demand
Pursuant to the acceleration provisions: - Total options granted: [NUMBER] shares - Vested as of [TRIGGERING EVENT]: [NUMBER] shares - Unvested but subject to acceleration: [NUMBER] shares - Accelerated percentage per Agreement: [X]% - Total accelerated shares: [NUMBER] Post-acceleration, [YOUR NAME] is entitled to exercise [TOTAL VESTED + ACCELERATED] options at a strike price of $[X] per share. The acquisition price was $[Y] per share, resulting in spread value of $[TOTAL VALUE]. [YOUR NAME] demands immediate delivery of (i) an updated option exercise notice reflecting accelerated shares, (ii) wire instructions for exercise payment, and (iii) confirmation of the per-share acquisition price and treatment of options in the merger consideration.
Предоставьте точные numbers - это демонстрирует серьёзность и знание документов
Repurchase Right Dispute
[COMPANY] has asserted a right to repurchase [YOUR NAME]'s vested shares at $[ORIGINAL PRICE] per share (the original exercise price). This assertion is contrary to Section [X] of the Stock Purchase Agreement, which provides that repurchase rights [lapse upon a Qualified Financing / apply only to unvested shares / are at Fair Market Value as of repurchase date]. The Company completed a [Series B financing at $X/share / acquisition at $Y/share] on [DATE]. The repurchase price, if any right exists, must reflect this valuation. [COMPANY]'s attempt to repurchase at original grant price constitutes a breach of the Stock Purchase Agreement and an unlawful taking of value.
Для early exercise/restricted stock - проверьте repurchase terms внимательно
Escalation & Remedies
Deadline & Cure Demand
[YOUR NAME] demands that [COMPANY] cure this breach no later than [DATE - typically 7-10 days] by: (a) Providing written confirmation of acceleration of [NUMBER] unvested options/shares; (b) Delivering an updated option exercise notice or stock certificate evidencing the accelerated equity; (c) Extending the exercise window to [DATE or "until 90 days after resolution of this dispute"]; and (d) Confirming the acquisition consideration and treatment of accelerated equity in the merger. Time is of the essence given the impending expiration of exercise rights.
Short deadline оправдан ticking exercise window
Litigation Warning - Breach of Contract
If [COMPANY] fails to cure this breach by the deadline, [YOUR NAME] will have no choice but to pursue all available remedies, including: (a) Breach of contract claim seeking (i) specific performance of the acceleration provisions, (ii) monetary damages equal to the spread value of accelerated equity, and (iii) consequential damages including tax penalties resulting from [COMPANY]'s breach; (b) Declaratory relief confirming [YOUR NAME]'s rights to accelerated equity and tolling of exercise deadlines; (c) Injunctive relief preventing [COMPANY] from (i) distributing merger consideration to shareholders without reserving [YOUR NAME]'s portion, or (ii) declaring options forfeited during the pendency of this dispute. [YOUR NAME] will also seek recovery of attorneys' fees and costs to the extent provided by [Section X of the Option Agreement / California Civil Code § 1717 / applicable law].
Specific performance важнее damages - вы хотите shares, не денежную компенсацию
Preservation Notice
This letter constitutes formal notice to preserve all documents and electronically stored information related to this matter, including but not limited to: - All versions of the Stock Option Plan, Option Agreements, and related equity documents - Board minutes and resolutions approving the Option Plan, grants, and any amendments - All communications regarding the Change of Control transaction and treatment of employee equity - Merger agreement, disclosure schedules, and allocation of consideration among security holders - Valuation reports, 409A valuations, and fairness opinions - All communications with [YOUR NAME] regarding equity grants, vesting, acceleration, or termination - Capitalization table and option tracking records [COMPANY] and its counsel have a duty to preserve these materials immediately. Failure to do so may result in sanctions and adverse inferences in any subsequent litigation.
Особенно важно для M&A - документы могут быть "lost" при integration
Нужна помощь с подготовкой претензии?
Я готовлю demand letters для споров по vesting acceleration, option exercise disputes, equity compensation. Фиксированная цена, работаю на русском и английском.
Чек-лист: Подготовка к требованию acceleration
Соберите все документы по equity
Проверьте ключевые условия agreements
Расчёты и timing
Часто задаваемые вопросы

Single-trigger: Acceleration происходит при одном событии - обычно Change of Control (продажа компании, merger). Как только CofC закрывается, определённый % unvested equity автоматически vests. Типично 25-50% для employees, иногда 100% для founders.

Double-trigger: Требуется два события: (1) Change of Control И (2) termination without cause или resignation for good reason в течение определённого периода (обычно 12-18 месяцев после CofC). Это защищает acquiring company - они не хотят массовый vesting при acquisition если employees остаются работать.

Investors обычно предпочитают double-trigger (минимизирует dilution при exit). Employees предпочитают single-trigger (гарантия при sale даже если fired post-acquisition). Переговорная позиция зависит от вашей роли и leverage.

"Cause" обычно узко определяется в equity/employment agreements: gross misconduct, fraud, embezzlement, conviction of felony, willful breach of duties. Poor performance, "not a fit", reorganization, layoffs - это НЕ "cause" unless specifically defined (что редко).

Требуйте от компании: (1) specification of alleged "cause" conduct, (2) citations к relevant contract provisions, (3) evidence. Burden of proof для termination for cause обычно на employer. Если компания не может доказать cause по contractual definition, termination treated as without cause.

Red flags для pretextual "cause": (1) termination происходит сразу после CofC (suggesting real reason - избежать acceleration), (2) alleged misconduct never raised pre-termination, (3) no investigation или documentation, (4) inconsistent with prior performance reviews.

Немедленно отправляйте demand letter с требованием (1) recognize acceleration, OR (2) toll/extend exercise window до разрешения спора. Обоснование: если компания неправомерно отказывает в acceleration, вы не можете exercise unvested options, но время на vested options продолжает истекать - это creates forfeiture contrary to contract.

В некоторых штатах (California): если option holder подал иск перед expiration, court может extend window equitably. Но лучше не доводить до этого - письменное требование tolling сейчас создаёт record.

Если компания отказывает в tolling и window истекает: вы потеряете vested options, но сможете требовать monetary damages = spread value. Однако specific performance (получить shares) обычно предпочтительнее, особенно если компания растёт в цене post-acquisition.

Зависит от merger agreement и вашего option agreement. Типичные сценарии:

Assumption: Acquiring company assumes ваши options, конвертирует их в options of acquirer с adjustment ratio (based on exchange ratio в merger). Vesting schedule и acceleration terms обычно preserved.

Cash-out: Options автоматически exercised и converted в право на merger consideration (cash или stock). Spread value выплачивается как часть merger proceeds. Acceleration определяет, какие options включены.

Rollover: Для equity acquisitions - ваши target company options могут стать worthless если target stock cancelled, unless acquirer issues replacement equity.

Проверьте Section в merger agreement titled "Treatment of Stock Options" или "Employee Equity". Если treatment хуже, чем предусмотрено вашим original agreement (например, no acceleration despite trigger), это может быть breach - но обычно трудно challenge merger terms post-closing.

Возможно, но сложнее. Если offer letter содержит конкретные equity terms (например, "100,000 options, 4-year vest with 1-year cliff, 100% acceleration upon Change of Control"), это может быть binding contractual commitment.

Проблемы: (1) offer letter часто содержит disclaimer "subject to Board approval" или "governed by terms of Stock Option Plan as adopted", (2) stock option agreement обычно содержит "entire agreement" clause, superseding prior representations.

Strongest case если: (1) offer letter конкретен и unconditional, (2) вы relied on representation при принятии job offer (promissory estoppel), (3) stock option agreement молчит об acceleration (не противоречит), (4) company conduct показывает intent to honor (emails, cap table notes).

Даже если offer letter не создаёт enforceable contract, может быть основанием для reformation (исправление agreement чтобы reflect true intent) или fraud/misrepresentation claim.

НЕ подписывайте немедленно. Separation agreement с general release обычно waives все claims против компании, включая potential breach of contract, discrimination, wrongful termination. Если вы уже имеете право на acceleration по existing contract, release может отказаться от rights без additional consideration.

Проверьте: (1) severance package - является ли это additional consideration сверх того, что вы уже entitled по contract? (2) carve-outs в release - обычно исключают vested equity rights, но могут не исключать unvested/acceleration disputes. (3) acceleration terms в severance agreement - улучшают ли ваш existing rights или хуже?

Negotiate: (1) explicit confirmation of acceleration в severance agreement, (2) carve-out для equity-related claims из release, (3) extended exercise window, (4) cash severance в обмен на broad release. Имеете право на 21-day review period (45 days if group termination) - используйте для legal review.

Зависит от amount at stake и сложности. Типичные сценарии:

Demand letter stage: $1,500-3,500 за подготовку, review документов, отправку, follow-up. Многие споры разрешаются на этом этапе если case сильный.

Pre-litigation negotiation: $5,000-15,000 если нужна серия demand letters, negotiation of settlement, review of revised agreements. Hourly или flat fee.

Litigation (arbitration or court): $25,000-100,000+ depending on venue, discovery scope, expert witnesses. Equity disputes часто involve corporate records, valuation experts, depositions of Board members.

Factors: (1) amount at stake - если spread value $500K+, litigation экономически justified, (2) fee-shifting clause - если agreement provides "prevailing party recovers fees", меньше downside риск, (3) insurance - company D&O insurance может cover, делая settlement likely.

Зависит от governing law clause и nature of claim:

California: Breach of written contract - 4 years от даты breach (Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 337). Fraud - 3 years. Oral contract - 2 years.

Delaware: Breach of contract - 3 years (10 Del. C. § 8106). Fraud - 3 years.

New York: Breach of written contract - 6 years (NY CPLR § 213). Fraud - 6 years or 2 years from discovery.

Когда начинается отсчёт: обычно от даты breach (когда компания refused acceleration или когда triggering event occurred и компания failed to perform). Для unvested equity: можно argue breach occurs on each vesting date когда shares should have vested but didn't.

Не откладывайте: даже если SOL длинный, evidence deteriorates, witnesses leave, документы теряются. Plus exercise window для options может истечь гораздо раньше SOL.

Остались вопросы?
Запишитесь на Zoom-звонок для обсуждения вашей ситуации по vesting acceleration dispute. Или отправьте документы на review по email.
Контакты и запись на консультацию

Я помогаю основателям и early employees разрешать споры по vesting acceleration, option exercise disputes, equity compensation при M&A и termination.

Услуги:

  • Review equity documents (stock option agreements, plans, employment agreements)
  • Анализ прав на acceleration при change of control или termination
  • Подготовка и отправка demand letters к компании/acquirer
  • Переговоры о settlement, extended exercise windows, cash-out arrangements
  • Представительство в arbitration или litigation если необходимо

Формат работы: Фиксированная цена за demand letter ($1,500-3,500 в зависимости от сложности). Litigation - hourly или hybrid arrangement в зависимости от amount at stake и fee-shifting provisions в ваших документах.

Языки: Русский, английский.

Email: owner@terms.law

Что отправить для review

Чтобы я мог оценить вашу ситуацию, отправьте на owner@terms.law:

  • Stock Option Agreement / RSU Agreement
  • Stock Option Plan (если есть)
  • Offer letter или employment agreement
  • Notice of termination или resignation letter (если применимо)
  • Merger agreement или press release о change of control (если применимо)
  • Краткое описание ситуации: что произошло, что компания требует/отказывает, ваши timing constraints

Я отвечу в течение 1-2 business days с assessment и quote.

Записаться на консультацию
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