📋 What is UM/UIM Coverage?
Uninsured Motorist (UM) and Underinsured Motorist (UIM) coverage protects you when you're injured by a driver who either has no страхование or insufficient страхование to cover your убытки. In California, UM coverage is mandatory - every auto страхование policy must include it unless you specifically reject it in writing. When insurers wrongfully deny or undervalue these claims, policyholders have powerful legal remedies.
Understanding UM vs. UIM Coverage
🚗 Uninsured Motorist (UM)
Covers you when hit by a driver with no ответственность страхование, a hit-and-run driver, or a driver whose insurer is insolvent
💰 Underinsured Motorist (UIM)
Covers the gap when the at-fault driver's policy limits are insufficient to cover your full убытки
✅ Mandatory in California
Cal. Ins. Code 11580.2 requires all auto policies to include UM coverage unless validly waived in writing
🛡 First-Party Требование
You're claiming against your own insurer, who owes you a duty of добросовестность and fair dealing
Когда Использовать Это Руководство
Use this guide if your California auto insurer has:
❌ Denied Your UM/UIM Требование
▼Your insurer rejected your требование outright, claiming you weren't covered, the accident wasn't covered, or the at-fault driver was actually insured. Common wrongful отказ reasons include: claiming you weren't in a "covered vehicle," disputing that the other driver was uninsured, or alleging policy exclusions apply.
💰 Lowballed Your Мировое Соглашение
▼Your insurer offered far less than your требование is worth. Common tactics include undervaluing medical expenses, disputing the necessity of treatment, minimizing pain and suffering, or claiming pre-existing conditions caused your injuries.
🕑 Delayed Processing Your Требование
▼Your insurer is unreasonably delaying investigation, evaluation, or payment of your valid требование. Under California regulations, insurers must acknowledge claims в течение 15 дней and accept/deny в течение 40 дней of receiving proof of требование.
🔍 Failed to Properly Investigate
▼Your insurer denied or undervalued your требование without conducting a thorough, fair, and timely investigation. This includes failing to obtain all relevant medical records, ignoring your treating physicians' opinions, or relying on biased "independent" medical exams.
👍 Что Вы Можете Взыскать in a UM/UIM Требование
- Medical expenses - Past and future medical treatment related to your injuries
- Lost заработная плата - Income lost due to your injuries and взыскание
- Loss of earning capacity - Diminished future earning potential
- Pain and suffering - Physical pain and эмоциональные страдания
- Property damage - Vehicle ремонт or replacement costs
- Policy limits - Up to your full UM/UIM coverage amount
⚠ Critical Deadlines
California has strict time limits for UM/UIM claims:
- срок исковой давности: 2 года from the date of the accident (CCP 335.1)
- Policy notice requirements: Check your policy for требование filing deadlines
- Арбитраж demand: Must be filed within the limitations period
Do not delay - the 2-year deadline is strictly enforced.
⚖ Правовая Основа
California provides strong protections for UM/UIM policyholders. These statutes and landmark cases support your требование for fair компенсация.
Ключевые Законы Калифорнии
California Страхование Code Section 11580.2
The cornerstone of California UM/UIM law. This statute mandates that every automobile ответственность страхование policy issued in California must provide UM coverage in specified minimum amounts ($30,000/$60,000) unless the insured affirmatively waives coverage in writing. The waiver must be on a specific form. This statute also governs UIM coverage, stacking rules, and арбитраж procedures.
California Страхование Code Section 11580.2(i)
Establishes the mandatory арбитраж procedure for UM/UIM disputes. When страховщик and insured cannot agree on the amount of убытки, either party may demand арбитраж. The арбитраж decision is binding, though it may be appealed to суд on limited grounds.
California Страхование Code Section 790.03(h)
Enumerates unfair claims мировое соглашение practices that apply to UM/UIM claims. Нарушениеs include: failing to promptly investigate claims, misrepresenting policy provisions, failing to affirm or deny coverage within reasonable time, and not attempting добросовестность мировое соглашение when ответственность is clear.
California Code of Civil Procedure Section 335.1
Establishes the 2-year срок исковой давности for personal injury claims, which applies to UM/UIM claims. The clock starts running from the date of the accident, not from the date of отказ.
California Code of Regulations, Title 10, Section 2695.7
Fair Claims Мировое Соглашение Practices Regulations. Requires insurers to: acknowledge claims в течение 15 дней, begin investigation immediately, accept or deny claims в течение 40 дней of receiving proof of требование, and provide written explanation for any отказ.
Landmark California UM/UIM Cases
📖 Mercury Страхование Co. v. Pearson (2008) 169 Cal.App.4th 1064
Held that an insurer's failure to timely pay UM benefits when ответственность is reasonably clear can constitute недобросовестность. The суд recognized that UM coverage exists to protect the insured, and unreasonable delay in payment defeats this purpose.
📖 Quintano v. Mercury Casualty Co. (1995) 11 Cal.4th 1049
The California Supreme Суд confirmed that insurers owe the same duty of добросовестность and fair dealing in UM/UIM claims as in all other first-party страхование claims. An insurer cannot prioritize its own financial interests over the insured's legitimate требование.
📖 Egan v. Mutual of Omaha Страхование Co. (1979) 24 Cal.3d 809
Established that punitive убытки are available against insurers who act with malice, oppression, or мошенничество in handling first-party claims, including UM/UIM claims. This case remains foundational for недобросовестность claims.
📖 Brandt v. Superior Суд (1985) 37 Cal.3d 813
Established that адвокат fees incurred to obtain policy benefits (including UM/UIM benefits) are recoverable as убытки in a недобросовестность action. These "Brandt fees" are в дополнение к policy limits and other убытки.
📖 State Farm Mutual Auto. Ins. Co. v. Crane (1990) 217 Cal.App.3d 1127
Confirmed that an арбитраж award in a UM/UIM case does not preclude a subsequent недобросовестность action. The insured can pursue недобросовестность убытки even after receiving the арбитраж award if страховщик acted unreasonably.
💡 UM/UIM Арбитраж Is Mandatory
Under Cal. Ins. Code 11580.2(i), disputes over the amount of UM/UIM убытки must go to binding арбитраж unless both parties agree otherwise. Однако, coverage disputes (whether the policy covers the требование at all) can be decided by courts. недобросовестность claims are also litigated in суд, not арбитраж.
💰 Убытки & Recoverable Amounts
Understanding what вы можете взыскать helps you value your требование accurately. UM/UIM claims can include both policy benefits and, in недобросовестность cases, additional убытки.
UM/UIM Policy Benefits
| Damage Category | Описание |
|---|---|
| Медицинские Расходы | All reasonable and necessary medical treatment: emergency care, hospitalization, surgery, physical therapy, chiropractic care, medications, and future medical needs. |
| Потерянная Зарплата | Income lost during взыскание, including salary, hourly заработная плата, bonuses, commissions, and self-employment income. Must be documented with pay stubs and работодатель verification. |
| Loss of Earning Capacity | Reduced ability to earn in the future due to permanent injuries. Often requires vocational expert показания to establish. |
| Pain and Suffering | Physical pain, discomfort, and limitations on daily activities. California allows significant взыскание for non-economic убытки. |
| эмоциональные страдания | Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other psychological impacts from the accident and injuries. |
| Loss of Enjoyment of Life | Inability to participate in activities and hobbies you enjoyed before the accident. |
недобросовестность Убытки (If Insurer Acts Wrongfully)
If your insurer unreasonably denies, delays, or undervalues your UM/UIM требование, вы можете взыскать additional убытки:
💰 Brandt Адвокат Fees
Адвокат fees incurred to obtain your UM/UIM benefits - recoverable as убытки, not just costs
📈 Косвенные Убытки
Economic harm caused by the отказ: credit damage, lost investments, foreclosure costs, etc.
💔 эмоциональные страдания
Mental anguish from страховщик's недобросовестность conduct - separate from accident-related distress
⚠ Штрафные Убытки
Available when insurer acted with malice, oppression, or мошенничество - no statutory cap
📊 Sample UM/UIM Убытки Calculation
Example: Moderate Injury - Herniated Disc, 6 Months Treatment
⚠ UIM Offset Rule
In California, your UIM взыскание is reduced by any amount you receive from the at-fault driver's ответственность страхование. For example, if you have $100,000 UIM coverage and receive $30,000 from the at-fault driver's policy, your maximum UIM взыскание is $70,000, even if your убытки exceed $100,000. This is called the "limits credit" or "offset" rule.
💡 Policy Limits and Stacking
California law generally prohibits "stacking" UM/UIM coverage from multiple vehicles on the same policy. Однако, вы можете stack coverage from different policies (e.g., your policy and a household member's separate policy). Check your specific policy language and consult with an адвокат about stacking options.
Interactive UM/UIM Calculator
🚗 Calculate Your UM/UIM Требование Value
Enter your убытки and coverage information to estimate your potential взыскание.
Медицинские Расходы
UIM Offset Calculation
✅ Контрольный Список Доказательств
Gather these documents before sending your требование. Click to check off items as you collect them.
📄 Policy Documents
- ✓ Complete auto страхование policy with declarations page
- ✓ UM/UIM coverage endorsements and limits
- ✓ Premium payment records showing policy was in effect
- ✓ Any UM/UIM waiver forms (or lack thereof)
🚗 Accident Documentation
- ✓ Police report with report number
- ✓ Photos of accident scene, vehicles, and injuries
- ✓ Свидетель statements and contact information
- ✓ Proof the at-fault driver was uninsured/underinsured
- ✓ DMV records showing other driver's страхование status
🏥 Medical Records
- ✓ Emergency room records and bills
- ✓ All treating physician records and notes
- ✓ Diagnostic imaging (X-rays, MRIs, CT scans)
- ✓ Physical therapy records
- ✓ Prescription records and pharmacy bills
- ✓ Future care estimate from treating physician
💰 Financial Losses
- ✓ Pay stubs for 3-6 months before accident
- ✓ Работодатель verification of time missed
- ✓ Tax returns (if self-employed)
- ✓ Vehicle ремонт estimates or total loss valuation
- ✓ Rental car receipts
📩 Страхование Коммуникации
- ✓ Требование acknowledgment letter
- ✓ All correspondence with your insurer
- ✓ Отказ letter with stated reasons
- ✓ Мировое Соглашение offers and your responses
- ✓ Recorded statements you provided
📖 Additional Доказательства
- ✓ Pain journal documenting daily symptoms
- ✓ Photos showing injuries over time
- ✓ Declarations from family/friends about limitations
- ✓ Documentation of activities you can no longer do
🔒 Request Your Complete Требование File
Under California law, you имеют право на a copy of your entire требование file. Отправить a written request to your insurer demanding all documents, notes, evaluations, and communications related to your UM/UIM требование. This file may reveal доказательства of недобросовестность, including adjuster notes showing they ignored favorable доказательства or were pressured to deny claims.
📝 Образец Текста
Копировать and customize these paragraphs for your California UM/UIM требование. Each addresses a different scenario or element of your требование.
- Medical expenses (past and future): $[AMOUNT]
- Lost заработная плата: $[AMOUNT]
- Pain and suffering: $[AMOUNT]
- Итого: $[TOTAL]
If this demand is not satisfied by [DEADLINE DATE], I will immediately demand арбитраж в соответствии с California Страхование Code Section 11580.2(i) and will pursue a separate недобросовестность action in the California Superior Суд seeking Brandt fees, consequential убытки, and punitive убытки.
📄 Полный Образец Требования
Below is a complete, ready-to-use UM/UIM требование template. Replace all bracketed placeholders with your specific information.
Complete UM/UIM Отказ Требование Template
💡 Tips for Using This Template
- Customize all bracketed sections - Replace every [PLACEHOLDER] with your specific information
- Attach all exhibits - Include copies of all documents referenced in the letter
- Отправить via заказное письмо - This creates proof of delivery and receipt
- Keep copies - Retain copies of everything you send for your records
- Follow up in writing - If you call, follow up with a letter confirming the conversation
🚀 Следующие Шаги
What to do after sending your UM/UIM требование.
Ожидаемые Сроки
Days 1-15
Insurer receives and acknowledges your требование; begins internal review
Дни 15-30
Response expected: payment, improved мировое соглашение offer, or continued отказ
Дни 30+
If no satisfactory response, proceed to арбитраж demand and/or недобросовестность судебный процесс
Если Не Оплатят or Respond Adequately
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Demand Арбитраж
Under Cal. Ins. Code 11580.2(i), you can demand binding арбитраж for UM/UIM disputes over the amount of убытки. Отправить a written арбитраж demand to your insurer. The parties will select an arbitrator (or have one appointed) who will decide the value of your требование.
-
Consult an Auto Accident / Страхование Адвокат
Many California адвокатs handle UM/UIM cases on contingency (no fee unless you win). Given potential Brandt fee взыскание and punitive убытки in недобросовестность cases, strong claims are attractive to истецs' адвокатs. An адвокат can handle арбитраж and any недобросовестность судебный процесс.
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File a недобросовестность Судебный Иск
If your insurer acted unreasonably, вы можете подать a недобросовестность судебный иск in California Superior Суд - separate from and в дополнение к арбитраж. недобросовестность claims allow взыскание of Brandt fees, эмоциональные страдания, consequential убытки, and punitive убытки.
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File a Department of Страхование Исковое Заявление
File a исковое заявление at страхование.ca.gov. While this doesn't directly get you paid, it creates a regulatory record of страховщик's conduct and may prompt faster action on your требование.
⚠ Watch the Срок Исковой Давности
- UM/UIM claims: 2 года from the date of the accident (CCP 335.1)
- недобросовестность claims: 2 года from the wrongful отказ or conduct (CCP 339)
The арбитраж demand must be made within the 2-year limitations period. Do not wait until the last minute - file your demand or судебный иск with time to spare.
Нужна Юридическая Помощь?
UM/UIM claims can involve complex арбитраж procedures and недобросовестность судебный процесс. Get a 30-minute strategy call with an страхование адвокат to evaluate ваше дело and discuss next steps.
Записаться на Консультацию - $125Ресурсы Калифорнии
- California Department of Страхование: страхование.ca.gov - File исковое заявлениеs and check insurer history
- California Страхование Code 11580.2: Full text of UM/UIM statute
- Самопомощь Судов Калифорнии: selfhelp.courts.ca.gov - Free forms and filing guides
- State Bar Адвокат Referral: calbar.ca.gov - Find a certified specialist
- AAA (American Арбитраж Association): adr.org - UM/UIM арбитраж information
📖 Related Articles
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