📋 What is UM/UIM Coverage?

Uninsured Motorist (UM) and Underinsured Motorist (UIM) coverage protects you when you're injured by a driver who either has no страхование or insufficient страхование to cover your убытки. In California, UM coverage is mandatory - every auto страхование policy must include it unless you specifically reject it in writing. When insurers wrongfully deny or undervalue these claims, policyholders have powerful legal remedies.

Understanding UM vs. UIM Coverage

🚗 Uninsured Motorist (UM)

Covers you when hit by a driver with no ответственность страхование, a hit-and-run driver, or a driver whose insurer is insolvent

💰 Underinsured Motorist (UIM)

Covers the gap when the at-fault driver's policy limits are insufficient to cover your full убытки

✅ Mandatory in California

Cal. Ins. Code 11580.2 requires all auto policies to include UM coverage unless validly waived in writing

🛡 First-Party Требование

You're claiming against your own insurer, who owes you a duty of добросовестность and fair dealing

Когда Использовать Это Руководство

Use this guide if your California auto insurer has:

Denied Your UM/UIM Требование

Your insurer rejected your требование outright, claiming you weren't covered, the accident wasn't covered, or the at-fault driver was actually insured. Common wrongful отказ reasons include: claiming you weren't in a "covered vehicle," disputing that the other driver was uninsured, or alleging policy exclusions apply.

💰 Lowballed Your Мировое Соглашение

Your insurer offered far less than your требование is worth. Common tactics include undervaluing medical expenses, disputing the necessity of treatment, minimizing pain and suffering, or claiming pre-existing conditions caused your injuries.

🕑 Delayed Processing Your Требование

Your insurer is unreasonably delaying investigation, evaluation, or payment of your valid требование. Under California regulations, insurers must acknowledge claims в течение 15 дней and accept/deny в течение 40 дней of receiving proof of требование.

🔍 Failed to Properly Investigate

Your insurer denied or undervalued your требование without conducting a thorough, fair, and timely investigation. This includes failing to obtain all relevant medical records, ignoring your treating physicians' opinions, or relying on biased "independent" medical exams.

👍 Что Вы Можете Взыскать in a UM/UIM Требование

  • Medical expenses - Past and future medical treatment related to your injuries
  • Lost заработная плата - Income lost due to your injuries and взыскание
  • Loss of earning capacity - Diminished future earning potential
  • Pain and suffering - Physical pain and эмоциональные страдания
  • Property damage - Vehicle ремонт or replacement costs
  • Policy limits - Up to your full UM/UIM coverage amount

⚠ Critical Deadlines

California has strict time limits for UM/UIM claims:

  • срок исковой давности: 2 года from the date of the accident (CCP 335.1)
  • Policy notice requirements: Check your policy for требование filing deadlines
  • Арбитраж demand: Must be filed within the limitations period

Do not delay - the 2-year deadline is strictly enforced.

💰 Убытки & Recoverable Amounts

Understanding what вы можете взыскать helps you value your требование accurately. UM/UIM claims can include both policy benefits and, in недобросовестность cases, additional убытки.

UM/UIM Policy Benefits

Damage Category Описание
Медицинские Расходы All reasonable and necessary medical treatment: emergency care, hospitalization, surgery, physical therapy, chiropractic care, medications, and future medical needs.
Потерянная Зарплата Income lost during взыскание, including salary, hourly заработная плата, bonuses, commissions, and self-employment income. Must be documented with pay stubs and работодатель verification.
Loss of Earning Capacity Reduced ability to earn in the future due to permanent injuries. Often requires vocational expert показания to establish.
Pain and Suffering Physical pain, discomfort, and limitations on daily activities. California allows significant взыскание for non-economic убытки.
эмоциональные страдания Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and other psychological impacts from the accident and injuries.
Loss of Enjoyment of Life Inability to participate in activities and hobbies you enjoyed before the accident.

недобросовестность Убытки (If Insurer Acts Wrongfully)

If your insurer unreasonably denies, delays, or undervalues your UM/UIM требование, вы можете взыскать additional убытки:

💰 Brandt Адвокат Fees

Адвокат fees incurred to obtain your UM/UIM benefits - recoverable as убытки, not just costs

📈 Косвенные Убытки

Economic harm caused by the отказ: credit damage, lost investments, foreclosure costs, etc.

💔 эмоциональные страдания

Mental anguish from страховщик's недобросовестность conduct - separate from accident-related distress

⚠ Штрафные Убытки

Available when insurer acted with malice, oppression, or мошенничество - no statutory cap

📊 Sample UM/UIM Убытки Calculation

Example: Moderate Injury - Herniated Disc, 6 Months Treatment

Emergency room and ambulance $8,500
Orthopedic treatment and imaging $12,000
Physical therapy (6 months) $9,600
Future medical care estimate $15,000
Lost заработная плата (3 months) $18,000
Pain and suffering (3x medical) $135,000
TOTAL CLAIM VALUE $198,100

⚠ UIM Offset Rule

In California, your UIM взыскание is reduced by any amount you receive from the at-fault driver's ответственность страхование. For example, if you have $100,000 UIM coverage and receive $30,000 from the at-fault driver's policy, your maximum UIM взыскание is $70,000, even if your убытки exceed $100,000. This is called the "limits credit" or "offset" rule.

💡 Policy Limits and Stacking

California law generally prohibits "stacking" UM/UIM coverage from multiple vehicles on the same policy. Однако, вы можете stack coverage from different policies (e.g., your policy and a household member's separate policy). Check your specific policy language and consult with an адвокат about stacking options.

Interactive UM/UIM Calculator

🚗 Calculate Your UM/UIM Требование Value

Enter your убытки and coverage information to estimate your potential взыскание.

Медицинские Расходы
UIM Offset Calculation
Amount you received or will receive from them
Check your declarations page

Контрольный Список Доказательств

Gather these documents before sending your требование. Click to check off items as you collect them.

📄 Policy Documents

  • Complete auto страхование policy with declarations page
  • UM/UIM coverage endorsements and limits
  • Premium payment records showing policy was in effect
  • Any UM/UIM waiver forms (or lack thereof)

🚗 Accident Documentation

  • Police report with report number
  • Photos of accident scene, vehicles, and injuries
  • Свидетель statements and contact information
  • Proof the at-fault driver was uninsured/underinsured
  • DMV records showing other driver's страхование status

🏥 Medical Records

  • Emergency room records and bills
  • All treating physician records and notes
  • Diagnostic imaging (X-rays, MRIs, CT scans)
  • Physical therapy records
  • Prescription records and pharmacy bills
  • Future care estimate from treating physician

💰 Financial Losses

  • Pay stubs for 3-6 months before accident
  • Работодатель verification of time missed
  • Tax returns (if self-employed)
  • Vehicle ремонт estimates or total loss valuation
  • Rental car receipts

📩 Страхование Коммуникации

  • Требование acknowledgment letter
  • All correspondence with your insurer
  • Отказ letter with stated reasons
  • Мировое Соглашение offers and your responses
  • Recorded statements you provided

📖 Additional Доказательства

  • Pain journal documenting daily symptoms
  • Photos showing injuries over time
  • Declarations from family/friends about limitations
  • Documentation of activities you can no longer do

🔒 Request Your Complete Требование File

Under California law, you имеют право на a copy of your entire требование file. Отправить a written request to your insurer demanding all documents, notes, evaluations, and communications related to your UM/UIM требование. This file may reveal доказательства of недобросовестность, including adjuster notes showing they ignored favorable доказательства or were pressured to deny claims.

📝 Образец Текста

Копировать and customize these paragraphs for your California UM/UIM требование. Each addresses a different scenario or element of your требование.

Opening - Wrongful Отказ
I am writing to formally demand payment of Uninsured Motorist benefits under my automobile страхование policy, Policy Нет. [POLICY NUMBER]. On [DATE OF ACCIDENT], I was injured in a motor vehicle collision caused by an uninsured driver. Despite my timely требование and substantial documented injuries, [INSURANCE COMPANY] has wrongfully denied my требование. This отказ violates California Страхование Code Section 11580.2 and constitutes a breach of the duty of добросовестность and fair dealing owed to me as your insured.
Opening - Undervalued Требование
I am writing regarding my Underinsured Motorist требование under Policy Нет. [POLICY NUMBER], Требование Нет. [CLAIM NUMBER]. While I appreciate your offer of $[OFFERED AMOUNT], this amount is grossly inadequate to compensate me for my documented injuries and losses totaling $[TOTAL DAMAGES]. The at-fault driver's ответственность coverage of $[LIABILITY LIMITS] was insufficient to cover my убытки, triggering my UIM coverage. I am entitled to the full difference up to my policy limits.
Establishing UM Coverage Applies
California Страхование Code Section 11580.2 mandates that every automobile ответственность policy issued in California include Uninsured Motorist coverage. My policy provides UM/UIM limits of $[COVERAGE LIMITS]. The at-fault driver, [AT-FAULT DRIVER NAME], was confirmed to be uninsured/underinsured as доказательстваd by [DMV RECORDS / DECLARATION FROM OTHER INSURER / POLICE REPORT]. There is no valid waiver of UM coverage on file, and all policy conditions have been satisfied. My требование clearly falls within the coverage provided.
Медицинские Расходы and Treatment
As a direct result of this collision, I sustained [DESCRIBE INJURIES - e.g., cervical disc herniation at C5-C6, lumbar strain, and soft tissue injuries to the shoulder]. My medical treatment has included [DESCRIBE TREATMENT - e.g., emergency room care, orthopedic consultation, MRI imaging, 24 sessions of physical therapy, and ongoing pain management]. My treating physician, Dr. [PHYSICIAN NAME], has documented that my injuries are causally related to the accident and that I will require ongoing treatment estimated at $[FUTURE MEDICAL ESTIMATE]. Итого medical expenses to date are $[AMOUNT], with itemized bills attached hereto as Exhibit A.
Потерянная Зарплата and Earning Capacity
Due to my injuries, I was unable to work from [START DATE] to [END DATE], a period of [NUMBER] weeks. My работодатель, [EMPLOYER NAME], has verified my average weekly earnings of $[AMOUNT]. Соответственно, my lost заработная плата total $[TOTAL LOST WAGES]. Дополнительно, my treating physician has placed permanent work restrictions that limit my ability to [DESCRIBE LIMITATIONS], resulting in a diminished earning capacity that I am entitled to recover.
Pain and Suffering
Beyond my economic losses, I have endured significant physical pain and emotional suffering as a result of this accident. I experience daily pain rated at [PAIN LEVEL] on a 10-point scale. My injuries have prevented me from [DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES - e.g., playing with my children, exercising, sleeping through the night, and performing household tasks]. I have been diagnosed with [ANXIETY/DEPRESSION/PTSD] related to the accident. Under California law, I am entitled to substantial компенсация for these non-economic убытки.
недобросовестность Allegations
[INSURANCE COMPANY]'s handling of my UM/UIM требование constitutes недобросовестность under California law. В частности, your company has: (1) [failed to conduct a reasonable investigation of my требование]; (2) [ignored the opinion of my treating physicians in favor of a biased IME]; (3) [delayed processing my требование for over [X] days without justification]; and (4) [offered an unreasonably low мировое соглашение that does not account for my documented убытки]. This conduct violates California Страхование Code Section 790.03(h) and the duty of добросовестность established in Quintano v. Mercury Casualty Co. (1995) 11 Cal.4th 1049. I am entitled to recover Brandt fees, consequential убытки, and punitive убытки.
Demand and Deadline
Based on the foregoing, I hereby demand payment of $[TOTAL ТРЕБОВАНИЕ AMOUNT] within thirty (30) days of the date of this letter. This demand includes:

- Medical expenses (past and future): $[AMOUNT]
- Lost заработная плата: $[AMOUNT]
- Pain and suffering: $[AMOUNT]
- Итого: $[TOTAL]

If this demand is not satisfied by [DEADLINE DATE], I will immediately demand арбитраж в соответствии с California Страхование Code Section 11580.2(i) and will pursue a separate недобросовестность action in the California Superior Суд seeking Brandt fees, consequential убытки, and punitive убытки.
Арбитраж Demand Reference
Please be advised that if we cannot reach a reasonable мировое соглашение within the time specified, I intend to demand binding арбитраж в соответствии с California Страхование Code Section 11580.2(i). Under this statute, disputes regarding the amount of UM/UIM убытки shall be resolved through арбитраж. The arbitrator will be empowered to award the full value of my убытки up to my policy limits of $[POLICY LIMITS]. Дополнительно, any недобросовестность conduct in handling this требование will be addressed in a separate civil action where punitive убытки are available.

📄 Полный Образец Требования

Below is a complete, ready-to-use UM/UIM требование template. Replace all bracketed placeholders with your specific information.

Complete UM/UIM Отказ Требование Template

[YOUR NAME] [YOUR ADDRESS] [CITY, STATE ZIP] [YOUR PHONE NUMBER] [YOUR EMAIL] [DATE] ЗАКАЗНЫМ ПИСЬМОМ С УВЕДОМЛЕНИЕМ О ВРУЧЕНИИ [INSURANCE COMPANY NAME] [CLAIMS DEPARTMENT] [INSURER ADDRESS] [CITY, STATE ZIP] Re: Demand for Payment of UM/UIM Benefits Insured: [YOUR NAME] Policy Нет.: [POLICY NUMBER] Требование Нет.: [CLAIM NUMBER] Date of Loss: [DATE OF ACCIDENT] Dear Claims Manager: I am writing to formally demand payment of Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist benefits under the above-referenced automobile страхование policy. As detailed below, [INSURANCE COMPANY NAME] has failed to fairly evaluate and pay my valid UM/UIM требование, in нарушение of California Страхование Code Section 11580.2 and the duty of добросовестность and fair dealing. FACTUAL BACKGROUND On [DATE OF ACCIDENT], at approximately [TIME], I was operating my [YEAR, MAKE, MODEL] vehicle on [STREET/HIGHWAY] in [CITY], California. The at-fault driver, [AT-FAULT DRIVER NAME], operating a [DESCRIPTION OF OTHER VEHICLE], [DESCRIBE HOW ACCIDENT OCCURRED - e.g., ran a red light and collided with the driver's side of my vehicle / rear-ended my vehicle while I was stopped at a traffic light / crossed into my lane and struck my vehicle head-on]. The collision was caused solely by the халатность of [AT-FAULT DRIVER NAME], as documented in the police report, Report Нет. [POLICE REPORT NUMBER]. The at-fault driver was cited for [VIOLATION, IF ANY]. Investigation has confirmed that the at-fault driver [was uninsured at the time of the accident / carried ответственность страхование with limits of only $[AMOUNT], which is insufficient to compensate me for my убытки]. This triggers my UM/UIM coverage under my policy with [INSURANCE COMPANY NAME]. POLICY COVERAGE My automobile страхование policy, Policy Нет. [POLICY NUMBER], was in full force and effect on the date of the accident. I have paid all premiums and have complied with all policy conditions, including timely notice of the требование. The policy provides UM/UIM coverage with limits of [COVERAGE LIMITS - e.g., $100,000 per person / $300,000 per occurrence]. Under California Страхование Code Section 11580.2, UM coverage is mandatory in California and must be included in every automobile ответственность policy unless validly waived in writing on a form specified by the statute. Нет such waiver exists for my policy. MY INJURIES AND TREATMENT As a direct and proximate result of this collision, I sustained the following injuries: [LIST INJURIES - e.g., - Cervical disc herniation at C5-C6 - Lumbar strain/sprain - Left shoulder rotator cuff tear - Post-traumatic headaches - Anxiety and sleep disturbance] I received emergency treatment at [HOSPITAL NAME] on the date of the accident. Since then, I have undergone extensive medical treatment including: [DESCRIBE TREATMENT - e.g., - Orthopedic evaluation and treatment with Dr. [NAME] - MRI of cervical and lumbar spine - 36 sessions of physical therapy - Pain management with epidural steroid injections - Ongoing treatment for persistent symptoms] My treating physicians have documented that all of my injuries were caused by this accident and that I will require future medical treatment including [DESCRIBE EXPECTED FUTURE TREATMENT]. DAMAGES My documented убытки are as follows: MEDICAL EXPENSES: Emergency room and ambulance: $[AMOUNT] [PROVIDER NAME] - Orthopedic care: $[AMOUNT] [IMAGING CENTER] - MRI studies: $[AMOUNT] [PHYSICAL THERAPY PROVIDER]: $[AMOUNT] [ADDITIONAL PROVIDERS]: $[AMOUNT] Prescription medications: $[AMOUNT] Future medical care (per Dr. [NAME]): $[AMOUNT] __________ TOTAL MEDICAL EXPENSES: $[TOTAL MEDICAL] LOST WAGES: I was unable to work from [START DATE] to [END DATE], a period of [NUMBER] weeks. My average weekly earnings were $[AMOUNT], as verified by my работодатель. Итого lost заработная плата: $[TOTAL LOST WAGES] PAIN AND SUFFERING: I have experienced and continue to experience significant physical pain, including daily discomfort rated [X]/10, difficulty sleeping, and limitations on my daily activities. I am no longer able to [DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES YOU CANNOT DO]. I have also suffered эмоциональные страдания including anxiety about driving and depression related to my diminished quality of life. Based on the severity and permanence of my injuries, my pain and suffering убытки are valued at $[AMOUNT]. TOTAL DAMAGES: $[GRAND TOTAL] [IF UIM CLAIM: Less amount received from at-fault driver's policy: ($[AMOUNT]) NET UIM CLAIM: $[NET AMOUNT]] YOUR COMPANY'S IMPROPER HANDLING OF MY CLAIM Despite my timely notice, complete documentation, and clear entitlement to UM/UIM benefits, [INSURANCE COMPANY NAME] has [denied my требование / offered only $[LOW AMOUNT] to settle my требование]. This conduct is unreasonable and constitutes недобросовестность. [DESCRIBE SPECIFIC недобросовестность CONDUCT - select and customize as applicable: - Your company denied my требование without conducting a reasonable investigation - Your company ignored the opinions of my treating physicians - Your company relied on a biased IME that contradicts my documented medical records - Your company failed to respond to my требование within the time required by California regulations - Your company offered an amount that no reasonable insurer would believe adequately compensates my injuries - Your company misrepresented the policy coverage to justify the отказ] This conduct violates California Страхование Code Section 790.03(h), which prohibits unfair claims мировое соглашение practices, and breaches the duty of добросовестность and fair dealing established by the California Supreme Суд in Gruenberg v. Aetna Страхование Co. (1973) 9 Cal.3d 566 and Quintano v. Mercury Casualty Co. (1995) 11 Cal.4th 1049. ТРЕБОВАНИЕ I hereby demand payment of $[ТРЕБОВАНИЕ AMOUNT] within thirty (30) days of the date of this letter. This amount represents fair компенсация for my injuries and losses, [less the offset for amounts received from the at-fault driver's insurer if applicable]. If I do not receive satisfactory payment by [DEADLINE DATE - 30 days from letter date], I will take the following actions: 1. Demand binding арбитраж в соответствии с California Страхование Code Section 11580.2(i) to recover my full UM/UIM benefits up to policy limits; 2. File a недобросовестность судебный иск in the California Superior Суд seeking: - Brandt адвокат fees в соответствии с Brandt v. Superior Суд (1985) 37 Cal.3d 813 - Consequential убытки caused by your company's wrongful conduct - эмоциональные страдания убытки - Punitive убытки в соответствии с гражданский кодекс Section 3294 3. File a исковое заявление with the California Department of Страхование documenting your company's unfair claims мировое соглашение practices. I urge you to reevaluate this требование fairly and make a reasonable мировое соглашение offer. Your company's continued недобросовестность handling of this требование will only increase your ultimate exposure. Please direct all further communications regarding this требование to the address above [or to my адвокат: [ATTORNEY NAME, ADDRESS, PHONE]]. С уважением, _______________________________ [YOUR NAME] Приложения: - Medical records and bills (Exhibit A) - Proof of lost заработная плата (Exhibit B) - Police report (Exhibit C) - Photos of injuries and vehicle damage (Exhibit D) - Correspondence with your company (Exhibit E) - Proof of at-fault driver's страхование status (Exhibit F) cc: [ваш адвокат, IF APPLICABLE] California Department of Страхование (if исковое заявление filed)

💡 Tips for Using This Template

  • Customize all bracketed sections - Replace every [PLACEHOLDER] with your specific information
  • Attach all exhibits - Include copies of all documents referenced in the letter
  • Отправить via заказное письмо - This creates proof of delivery and receipt
  • Keep copies - Retain copies of everything you send for your records
  • Follow up in writing - If you call, follow up with a letter confirming the conversation

🚀 Следующие Шаги

What to do after sending your UM/UIM требование.

Ожидаемые Сроки

Days 1-15

Insurer receives and acknowledges your требование; begins internal review

Дни 15-30

Response expected: payment, improved мировое соглашение offer, or continued отказ

Дни 30+

If no satisfactory response, proceed to арбитраж demand and/or недобросовестность судебный процесс

Если Не Оплатят or Respond Adequately

  1. Demand Арбитраж

    Under Cal. Ins. Code 11580.2(i), you can demand binding арбитраж for UM/UIM disputes over the amount of убытки. Отправить a written арбитраж demand to your insurer. The parties will select an arbitrator (or have one appointed) who will decide the value of your требование.

  2. Consult an Auto Accident / Страхование Адвокат

    Many California адвокатs handle UM/UIM cases on contingency (no fee unless you win). Given potential Brandt fee взыскание and punitive убытки in недобросовестность cases, strong claims are attractive to истецs' адвокатs. An адвокат can handle арбитраж and any недобросовестность судебный процесс.

  3. File a недобросовестность Судебный Иск

    If your insurer acted unreasonably, вы можете подать a недобросовестность судебный иск in California Superior Суд - separate from and в дополнение к арбитраж. недобросовестность claims allow взыскание of Brandt fees, эмоциональные страдания, consequential убытки, and punitive убытки.

  4. File a Department of Страхование Исковое Заявление

    File a исковое заявление at страхование.ca.gov. While this doesn't directly get you paid, it creates a regulatory record of страховщик's conduct and may prompt faster action on your требование.

⚠ Watch the Срок Исковой Давности

  • UM/UIM claims: 2 года from the date of the accident (CCP 335.1)
  • недобросовестность claims: 2 года from the wrongful отказ or conduct (CCP 339)

The арбитраж demand must be made within the 2-year limitations period. Do not wait until the last minute - file your demand or судебный иск with time to spare.

Нужна Юридическая Помощь?

UM/UIM claims can involve complex арбитраж procedures and недобросовестность судебный процесс. Get a 30-minute strategy call with an страхование адвокат to evaluate ваше дело and discuss next steps.

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Ресурсы Калифорнии

  • California Department of Страхование: страхование.ca.gov - File исковое заявлениеs and check insurer history
  • California Страхование Code 11580.2: Full text of UM/UIM statute
  • Самопомощь Судов Калифорнии: selfhelp.courts.ca.gov - Free forms and filing guides
  • State Bar Адвокат Referral: calbar.ca.gov - Find a certified specialist
  • AAA (American Арбитраж Association): adr.org - UM/UIM арбитраж information

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