Overview

A personal injury demand letter is your formal request for compensation after someone else's negligence caused you harm. In California, this letter is typically sent to the at-fault party's insurance company before filing a lawsuit. A well-crafted demand letter can lead to settlement without the time and expense of litigation.

Why Send a Demand Letter: Insurance companies take claims more seriously when they receive a formal demand letter that demonstrates your understanding of the law, your documented damages, and your willingness to pursue litigation if necessary.

This guide covers ALL types of California personal injury claims:

  • Motor Vehicle Accidents: Car crashes, rear-end collisions, T-bone accidents, Uber/Lyft injuries, motorcycle accidents, pedestrian and bicycle accidents
  • Premises Liability: Slip and fall, trip hazards, negligent security, swimming pool injuries, elevator/escalator accidents
  • Dog Bites: California's strict liability dog bite statute (Civil Code 3342)
  • Product Liability: Defective products causing injury
  • Professional Negligence: Medical malpractice, legal malpractice, and other professional errors
  • Assault & Battery: Intentional torts with liable third parties (negligent security)
Statute of Limitations: California Code of Civil Procedure Section 335.1 gives you only 2 years from the date of injury to file a personal injury lawsuit. If you're suing a government entity, you must file a government claim within 6 months. Send your demand letter early to allow time for negotiations.
📋

Evidence Checklist

Gather and organize this evidence to support your demand letter:

Police Report / Incident Report

Official documentation of the accident. For car accidents, request from the responding agency. For premises injuries, request from property management.

Photographs & Video

Scene photos, vehicle damage, visible injuries, hazardous conditions. Security camera footage if available. Before/after photos of injuries during healing.

Medical Records

ER records, doctor's notes, diagnostic imaging (X-rays, MRIs), surgical reports, physical therapy records. Include all providers from initial treatment through ongoing care.

Medical Bills

Itemized bills from all providers. Include ambulance, ER, hospital, specialists, imaging, prescriptions, physical therapy, and medical equipment.

Proof of Lost Wages

Pay stubs from before and after injury, employer letter confirming missed work, tax returns (for self-employed), disability claim forms.

Witness Statements

Written statements from anyone who saw the accident, including contact information. Also statements from family/friends about how injuries affected your daily life.

Pain Journal / Daily Log

Daily notes documenting pain levels, activities you can no longer do, sleep disruption, emotional impact, and recovery progress.

Insurance Information

At-fault party's insurance policy information, claim number, adjuster contact. Your own health insurance and auto insurance (for MedPay, UM/UIM coverage).

💲

Calculate Damages

Use the multiplier method to calculate your total claim value:

Medical Bills (Past) $15,000
Future Medical Expenses $8,000
Lost Wages (Past) $6,000
Loss of Earning Capacity $12,000
Special Damages Subtotal $41,000
Pain & Suffering (2.5x Multiplier) $102,500
Total Demand Amount $143,500
Special Damages (Economic)

Quantifiable, out-of-pocket losses:

  • Past Medical Bills: All treatment costs already incurred
  • Future Medical Expenses: Estimated ongoing treatment, surgery, therapy, medications
  • Lost Wages: Income lost due to missed work during recovery
  • Loss of Earning Capacity: Reduced ability to earn in the future
  • Property Damage: Vehicle repairs, damaged personal items
  • Out-of-Pocket Expenses: Transportation to appointments, home care assistance, medical equipment
Pain & Suffering Multiplier Method

Calculate non-economic damages using a multiplier:

  • 1.5x - 2x: Minor injuries, full recovery within weeks, minimal treatment
  • 2x - 3x: Moderate injuries, several months recovery, physical therapy needed
  • 3x - 4x: Serious injuries, surgery required, extended recovery, some permanent effects
  • 4x - 5x: Severe/catastrophic injuries, permanent disability, chronic pain, major life impact

Factors that increase multiplier: visible scarring, surgery, broken bones, need for future treatment, impact on career/hobbies, clear liability.

General Damages (Non-Economic)

Subjective harms that are harder to quantify:

  • Physical Pain & Suffering: Past and ongoing physical pain from injuries
  • Emotional Distress: Anxiety, depression, PTSD, fear
  • Loss of Enjoyment of Life: Inability to participate in hobbies, activities, social events
  • Loss of Consortium: Impact on spousal relationship (separate claim by spouse)
  • Disfigurement/Scarring: Permanent visible injuries
  • Inconvenience: Disruption to daily life, dependence on others
Policy Limits Considerations

Your recovery is often limited by insurance:

  • California Minimum Auto: $15,000 per person / $30,000 per accident for bodily injury
  • Typical Policies: $100,000/$300,000 or $250,000/$500,000
  • If Damages Exceed Limits: Consider UM/UIM coverage on your own policy, umbrella policies, or pursuing the at-fault party's personal assets
  • Policy Limits Demand: If your damages clearly exceed limits, demand the full policy limits with a deadline. This creates pressure and sets up potential bad faith.
Demand High, Settle Smart: Your initial demand should be higher than what you expect to settle for. This gives room for negotiation. A demand of $143,500 might settle for $90,000-$110,000, depending on liability and policy limits.

Interactive Settlement Calculator

💰 Calculate Your Claim Value

Enter your damages to estimate your total claim using the multiplier method.

Special Damages (Economic)
CA min: $15,000/person
📄

Sample Language

Use these templates adapted for your specific situation:

Personal Injury Demand Letter - Car Accident
[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP] [Email Address] [Date] VIA CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED [Insurance Company Name] [Claims Department] [Address] [City, State ZIP] Re: Personal Injury Claim Claimant: [Your Name] Date of Loss: [Accident Date] Claim Number: [If assigned] Insured: [At-Fault Driver Name] Policy Number: [If known] Dear Claims Adjuster: I am writing to demand compensation for injuries I sustained in a motor vehicle collision caused by your insured on [Date] at [Location]. LIABILITY On [Date], at approximately [Time], I was [describe your actions - e.g., traveling northbound on Main Street]. Your insured was [describe their negligent action - e.g., following too closely/running a red light/making an unsafe lane change]. Your insured violated California Vehicle Code Section [cite specific section] by [describe violation]. The police report (copy enclosed) confirms your insured was cited for [violation]. I was not comparatively negligent. I was [describe your proper conduct - e.g., traveling at the posted speed limit with the green light]. INJURIES AND TREATMENT As a direct result of your insured's negligence, I suffered the following injuries: [List injuries - e.g.:] - Cervical strain/sprain (whiplash) - Lumbar strain - Right shoulder contusion - Post-traumatic headaches I received the following medical treatment: [Chronological summary - e.g.:] - [Date]: Emergency room treatment at [Hospital], diagnosed with [injuries], prescribed [medications] - [Date range]: Treated with [Chiropractor/Physical Therapist] for [number] sessions - [Date]: MRI of cervical spine revealed [findings] - [Date]: Orthopedic evaluation with Dr. [Name], diagnosed with [condition] - [Ongoing]: Continue to experience [symptoms], treating with [provider] DAMAGES I. SPECIAL DAMAGES (Economic Losses) Past Medical Expenses: [Hospital] Emergency Room $[Amount] [Provider Name] - [Service] $[Amount] [Provider Name] - [Service] $[Amount] Prescription Medications $[Amount] SUBTOTAL PAST MEDICAL: $[Amount] Future Medical Expenses: [Estimated treatment - e.g., 12 additional PT sessions @ $150] $[Amount] SUBTOTAL FUTURE MEDICAL: $[Amount] Lost Wages: [Employer]: [Dates missed] @ $[daily rate] $[Amount] SUBTOTAL LOST WAGES: $[Amount] TOTAL SPECIAL DAMAGES: $[Amount] II. GENERAL DAMAGES (Non-Economic Losses) Based on the nature and extent of my injuries, the duration of my pain and suffering, the impact on my daily activities, and the residual effects I continue to experience, I am claiming general damages in the amount of $[Amount]. This amount represents a [X.X]x multiplier of my special damages, which is reasonable and conservative given [describe factors - severity, duration, impact on life, etc.]. DEMAND Based on the foregoing, my total demand is $[TOTAL AMOUNT]. This demand is open for [21/30] days from the date of this letter. If I do not receive a response by [specific date], I am prepared to file a lawsuit in [County] Superior Court. I reserve the right to amend this demand if additional damages, including future medical expenses or complications, are discovered. Please confirm your insured's policy limits in writing. If the policy limits are insufficient to cover my damages, please advise immediately so we can discuss a potential policy limits settlement. Very truly yours, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] Enclosures: - Medical records and bills - Police report - Photographs - Lost wage documentation - [Other supporting evidence]
Policy Limits Demand (Bad Faith Setup)
[Your Name] [Your Address] [Date] VIA CERTIFIED MAIL AND EMAIL [Insurance Company] [Address] Re: POLICY LIMITS DEMAND - TIME SENSITIVE Claim No.: [Number] Insured: [At-Fault Party] Date of Loss: [Date] Dear Claims Department: FORMAL POLICY LIMITS DEMAND This letter constitutes a formal demand for your insured's full bodily injury liability policy limits. Based on my investigation, your insured carries a policy with limits of $[Amount] per person. My damages significantly exceed these policy limits. As detailed in my prior correspondence: Total Special Damages: $[Amount] General Damages Claim: $[Amount] TOTAL CLAIM VALUE: $[Amount] Given that my claim value of $[Amount] substantially exceeds the $[Limits] policy limits, I am prepared to resolve my claim against your insured for the policy limits. CONDITIONS This offer is conditioned upon: 1. Payment of $[Policy Limits] within 30 days of this letter 2. Confirmation that no other applicable coverage exists 3. Confirmation that the policy was in effect on the date of loss 4. A signed release limited to bodily injury claims against your insured only CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO ACCEPT If you fail to accept this policy limits demand, you will be exposing your insured to a judgment that may significantly exceed policy limits. I will pursue all available remedies, including: - Filing suit against your insured for the full value of my claim - Seeking assignment of your insured's bad faith claims against you - Pursuing any excess judgment against your insured personally Your duty to your insured requires that you give equal consideration to the insured's interests as your own. Failure to settle within policy limits when liability is clear and damages exceed limits may constitute bad faith. TIME LIMIT This demand expires at 5:00 PM on [Date - 30 days from letter], and is automatically withdrawn thereafter without further notice. Very truly yours, [Your Name]
Slip and Fall Demand Letter
[Your Name] [Address] [Date] [Property Owner/Manager] [Address] Re: Personal Injury Claim - Premises Liability Date of Incident: [Date] Location: [Specific location] Dear [Name]: DEMAND FOR COMPENSATION On [Date], I was lawfully present at your property located at [Address] as a [customer/invitee/tenant]. While [describe activity - e.g., walking through the produce section], I slipped and fell on [describe hazard - e.g., a puddle of water/spilled liquid/broken tile]. LIABILITY As the property owner/manager, you owed me a duty to maintain the premises in a reasonably safe condition. You breached this duty by: [Select applicable:] - Failing to discover the hazardous condition through reasonable inspection - Failing to correct a known hazardous condition - Failing to warn of a hidden danger - Creating the hazardous condition - Allowing the hazardous condition to exist for an unreasonable period of time [If applicable:] According to witnesses, the [hazard] had been present for at least [time period] before my fall, which was sufficient time for you to discover and remedy the condition through reasonable inspection. [Witness Name] will testify that [describe observation]. Under California Civil Code Section 1714 and the principles established in Rowland v. Christian (1968), you are liable for my injuries. INJURIES AND DAMAGES As a result of your negligence, I suffered: [List injuries] I have incurred the following damages: [List damages with amounts] DEMAND I demand payment of $[Amount] within 30 days to resolve this matter. This amount represents my actual damages plus fair compensation for pain and suffering. If I do not receive payment or an acceptable settlement offer, I will pursue legal action, including claims for: - All compensatory damages - Attorney's fees and costs - Any other relief available under law Please have your insurance carrier contact me promptly. Sincerely, [Your Name]
👥

When to Hire a Personal Injury Attorney

Personal injury cases vary widely in complexity. While some straightforward claims can be handled independently, many situations require professional legal representation to ensure fair compensation.

✅ May Handle Yourself When:

  • Minor injuries: Soft tissue injuries that fully healed within 2-3 weeks
  • Clear liability: Other party clearly at fault with no dispute
  • Low damages: Total medical bills and lost wages under $3,000
  • Quick recovery: No ongoing treatment or permanent effects
  • Good documentation: Police report, photos, and medical records support your claim
  • Cooperative insurer: Insurance company accepts liability and makes reasonable offer

⚠️ Hire an Attorney When:

  • Significant injuries: Fractures, surgery, hospitalization, or ongoing treatment needed
  • Disputed liability: Other party claims you share fault or denies responsibility
  • Insurance bad faith: Insurer delays, lowballs, or denies your valid claim
  • Permanent impairment: Injuries causing lasting disability, scarring, or chronic pain
  • Lost wages: Missing significant time from work or unable to return to same job
  • Multiple parties: More than one party may be responsible for your injuries
  • Policy limits issues: Your damages may exceed available insurance coverage
  • Complex evidence: Case requires expert witnesses or accident reconstruction

📊 Not Sure If You Need an Attorney?

Use our free assessment tool to evaluate your personal injury case and get a personalized recommendation based on your specific circumstances.

Take Free Assessment →

Next Steps

After sending your demand letter, follow this process:

1. Send Properly & Document
  • Send via certified mail with return receipt requested
  • Also send via email if you have the adjuster's email
  • Keep copies of everything you send
  • Save the certified mail receipt and return receipt card
  • Note the deadline date on your calendar
2. Negotiate the Settlement
  • Initial Response: The insurer will likely respond with a counteroffer far below your demand. This is expected.
  • Negotiate Strategically: Don't accept the first offer. Come down gradually from your demand.
  • Document All Communications: Follow up phone calls with emails confirming what was discussed.
  • Get Offers in Writing: Always request written confirmation of settlement offers.
  • Be Patient: Settlement negotiations can take weeks or months.
3. If You Received a Demand Letter

If you're the recipient of a personal injury demand letter:

  • Notify Your Insurance: Forward the demand letter to your liability insurance immediately. They have a duty to defend you.
  • Don't Ignore It: Failure to respond can lead to a lawsuit and default judgment.
  • Don't Admit Fault: Let your insurance handle communications.
  • Gather Your Evidence: Photos, witness names, any documentation that might dispute the claims.
  • Consider Policy Limits: If the demand is for your policy limits, understand the implications of not settling.
4. Consider Legal Representation
  • When to Hire an Attorney: Serious injuries, disputed liability, complex cases, low settlement offers, approaching statute of limitations
  • Contingency Fees: Most PI attorneys work on contingency (33-40% of recovery) - no upfront cost to you
  • What an Attorney Adds: Negotiating leverage, litigation threat credibility, access to experts, higher settlement amounts (statistically)
  • I personally draft and review personal injury demand letters for California residents at $575 flat fee, with contingency representation available for larger claims.
5. File Lawsuit If Necessary
  • Small Claims: Up to $10,000 (no attorneys allowed)
  • Limited Civil: $10,001 - $25,000
  • Unlimited Civil: Over $25,000
  • Venue: File in the county where the accident occurred or where defendant resides
  • Remember the Deadline: 2 years from injury, 6 months for government claims
Track Your Statute: The 2-year statute of limitations is strict. Mark your calendar for 18 months after the accident as a "must file by" reminder to ensure you have time to file if negotiations fail.

Need Help With Your Personal Injury Demand?

I personally draft demand letters for California personal injury cases. $575 flat fee for demand letter drafting, contingency representation available for qualifying claims.