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Overview: NC Assisted Living Facility Disputes

In North Carolina, assisted living facilities are regulated as "Adult Care Homes" under NC General Statutes Chapter 131D. These facilities provide room, board, and personal care services to adults who need assistance with daily activities but do not require the level of care provided in nursing homes.

When an Adult Care Home fails to provide adequate care, violates residents' rights, or engages in abusive or negligent conduct, families have multiple avenues for recourse under North Carolina law.

Key Point: NC Adult Care Homes are licensed and regulated by the NC Division of Health Service Regulation (DHSR). Filing a complaint with DHSR creates powerful leverage—facilities can face license suspension, civil penalties, and mandatory corrective action plans.

What This Template Covers

  • Neglect: Failure to provide adequate supervision, nutrition, hygiene, or medical attention
  • Abuse: Physical, emotional, or verbal mistreatment of residents
  • Residents' Rights Violations: Violations of the statutory Bill of Rights under § 131D-21
  • Staffing Failures: Inadequate staffing levels or unqualified personnel
  • Financial Exploitation: Improper handling of resident funds or property
  • Unsafe Conditions: Falls, medication errors, elopement, environmental hazards
Nursing Home vs. Assisted Living: In NC, nursing homes (skilled nursing facilities) are regulated under Chapter 131E, while assisted living (Adult Care Homes) falls under Chapter 131D. This template is specifically for Adult Care Home disputes. If your loved one is in a skilled nursing facility, different statutes may apply.
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North Carolina Law: Adult Care Homes

North Carolina's Adult Care Home regulatory framework is primarily found in:

NC Gen. Stat. Chapter 131D — Adult Care Home Licensure Act
Establishes licensing requirements, operational standards, and enforcement mechanisms for facilities providing residential care to adults who require assistance with daily living activities.
NC Gen. Stat. § 131D-21 — Residents' Bill of Rights
"Every resident of an adult care home shall have the following rights: (1) To be treated with respect and dignity... (2) To be free from mental and physical abuse, neglect, and exploitation... (3) To receive care and services... (4) To have privacy..."
NC Gen. Stat. § 131D-34 — Penalties
Facilities that violate provisions of Chapter 131D may face civil penalties, license suspension or revocation, injunctive relief, and other enforcement actions by the Department.
NC Gen. Stat. Chapter 108A, Article 6 — Protection of the Abused, Neglected, or Exploited Disabled Adult Act
Provides for Adult Protective Services investigation and intervention when disabled adults are abused, neglected, or exploited. County Departments of Social Services are mandated to investigate reports.
NC Gen. Stat. § 14-32.3 — Crimes Against the Elderly/Disabled
Criminal penalties for assault, neglect causing serious injury, or exploitation of persons 65+ or disabled. Class H or Class F felony depending on severity.

Administrative Rules: 10A NCAC 13F

The NC Administrative Code Title 10A, Subchapter 13F contains detailed operational requirements for Adult Care Homes, including:

  • 13F .0901: Minimum staffing requirements
  • 13F .0903: Staff training and qualifications
  • 13F .0700: Resident care and services
  • 13F .0800: Medication management
  • 13F .0500: Physical plant requirements
Leverage Point: When a facility violates these specific administrative rules, your demand letter gains substantial weight. Citing specific rule violations signals that you've done your homework and understand the regulatory framework.
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Common Violations in NC Assisted Living

Inadequate Staffing & Supervision

Under 10A NCAC 13F .0901, Adult Care Homes must maintain adequate staffing to meet resident needs. Common violations include:

  • Insufficient staff-to-resident ratios, especially overnight
  • Staff members supervising too many residents simultaneously
  • Unlicensed or untrained personnel providing care
  • Failure to supervise residents at risk of falls or wandering
  • Inadequate supervision during meals, medication administration

Evidence to gather: Staffing schedules, incident reports, statements from other families, facility survey reports.

Neglect of Basic Needs

NC Gen. Stat. § 131D-21 guarantees residents the right to receive care and services according to their individual needs. Neglect includes:

  • Inadequate nutrition, hydration, or assistance with eating
  • Poor hygiene—failure to bathe, groom, or change soiled clothing
  • Bedsores (pressure ulcers) from immobility without repositioning
  • Failure to respond to call lights or requests for assistance
  • Inadequate medical attention or delayed treatment
  • Failure to follow physician orders or care plans

Evidence to gather: Medical records, photos of physical condition, care plan documents, incident reports.

Physical, Emotional, or Verbal Abuse

Under § 131D-21(2), residents have the right to be free from mental and physical abuse. Abuse includes:

  • Hitting, pushing, slapping, or rough handling
  • Use of physical or chemical restraints without proper authorization
  • Verbal abuse, threats, humiliation, or intimidation
  • Isolation as punishment
  • Sexual abuse or inappropriate contact
  • Abuse by other residents that staff failed to prevent

Evidence to gather: Photos of injuries, medical records, witness statements, incident reports, recordings if legally obtained.

Medication Errors

10A NCAC 13F .0800 requires proper medication management. Common violations:

  • Administering wrong medication or wrong dosage
  • Missing scheduled medications
  • Failure to monitor for side effects or interactions
  • Improper medication storage
  • Unqualified staff administering medications
  • Failure to document medication administration

Evidence to gather: Medication administration records (MARs), pharmacy records, hospital records showing medication issues.

Falls & Safety Failures

Facilities must maintain safe environments and prevent foreseeable injuries:

  • Falls due to inadequate supervision or assistance
  • Wet floors, poor lighting, or environmental hazards
  • Failure to implement fall prevention plans for at-risk residents
  • Elopement (wandering away) of cognitively impaired residents
  • Injuries from malfunctioning equipment or unsafe furniture

Evidence to gather: Incident/accident reports, medical records, photos of hazards, care plan documentation.

Financial Exploitation

Under § 131D-21, residents have property rights. Financial exploitation includes:

  • Misappropriation of resident funds
  • Charging for services not provided
  • Improper handling of personal needs allowance
  • Theft of personal property
  • Coercing changes to wills, powers of attorney, or financial documents
  • Overbilling or hidden charges

Evidence to gather: Financial statements, billing records, receipts, bank statements, contracts.

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NC Residents' Bill of Rights (§ 131D-21)

North Carolina law guarantees Adult Care Home residents the following rights. Violation of any of these is grounds for complaint and potential legal action:

Statutory Rights Under NC Gen. Stat. § 131D-21
Dignity & Respect: To be treated with consideration, respect, and full recognition of personal dignity and individuality.
Freedom from Abuse: To be free from mental and physical abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
Adequate Care: To receive care and services according to a plan of care and subject to accepted standards.
Privacy: To have privacy in treatment and in caring for personal needs.
Confidentiality: To have confidentiality of personal and medical records.
Communication: To communicate privately and access mail, visitors, and telephone.
Property Rights: To retain and use personal possessions as space permits.
Grievance Process: To present grievances without fear of reprisal.
Information: To be fully informed of services, charges, and the facility's rules.
Discharge Rights: To not be transferred or discharged except for specific reasons with proper notice.
Key Leverage: When facilities violate these statutory rights, they expose themselves to regulatory action, civil liability, and potential criminal prosecution. Your demand letter should cite specific rights violated.
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Building Your Case: Documentation

Strong documentation is essential for both your demand letter and any potential legal action. Request and preserve the following:

Medical & Care Records

  • Resident's complete medical records from the facility
  • Care plans and assessments
  • Medication administration records (MARs)
  • Incident/accident reports
  • Hospital records if transferred for treatment
  • Physician orders and progress notes

Facility Records

  • Admission agreement/contract
  • Staffing schedules for relevant dates
  • Facility policies and procedures
  • State survey/inspection reports (available through DHSR)
  • Billing statements and financial records

Your Evidence

  • Photographs of injuries, conditions, or hazards (with dates)
  • Video recordings (if legally obtained)
  • Communication log (dates/times/content of calls, emails, visits)
  • Names of witnesses (staff, other families, visitors)
  • Written complaints you've submitted to the facility
  • Facility responses to complaints
Tip: Under NC law, you have the right to access your loved one's records. Submit a written request citing the resident's right to access records under § 131D-21. The facility must provide copies within a reasonable time.
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Where to File Complaints in North Carolina

Filing complaints with regulatory agencies creates leverage and may trigger investigations that support your case:

NC Division of Health Service Regulation (DHSR)

Primary regulatory agency for Adult Care Homes. Investigates complaints, conducts surveys, and can impose penalties.

Complaint Intake Unit: 1-800-624-3004

File Online Complaint →

NC Long-Term Care Ombudsman

Advocates for residents' rights. Can investigate complaints, mediate disputes, and provide information about legal options.

Statewide: 1-800-662-7030

Contact Ombudsman →

Adult Protective Services (County DSS)

Investigates abuse, neglect, and exploitation of disabled adults. Mandatory reporting for certain professionals.

24/7 Hotline: 1-800-662-7030

Learn More →

NC Attorney General — Consumer Protection

For fraudulent business practices, deceptive advertising, or systematic consumer harm.

Consumer Hotline: 1-877-566-7226

File Consumer Complaint →

Local Law Enforcement

For suspected criminal abuse, theft, or assault. § 14-32.3 criminalizes abuse of elderly/disabled.

Emergency: 911

Non-emergency: Contact local police or sheriff

NC State Bar — Lawyer Referral

For finding an attorney specializing in elder law or nursing home litigation.

Referral Service: 1-800-662-7660

Find an Attorney →
Strategy: Mention in your demand letter that you have filed (or intend to file) complaints with DHSR and other agencies. This signals you're serious and creates regulatory pressure independent of your civil claim.
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Potential Damages in NC

In a civil action against an Adult Care Home, you may be able to recover:

Type of Damages Description
Medical Expenses Cost of treatment for injuries caused by neglect or abuse, including hospitalization, surgery, therapy, and ongoing care.
Pain & Suffering Compensation for physical pain, emotional distress, fear, anxiety, and diminished quality of life.
Costs Incurred Fees paid to the facility for services not rendered or rendered inadequately; costs of relocating to another facility.
Financial Recovery Reimbursement of stolen funds or property; recovery of overcharges.
Wrongful Death If neglect or abuse resulted in death, survivors may recover funeral expenses, loss of companionship, and other damages under NC wrongful death statutes.
Punitive Damages In cases of willful, wanton, or grossly negligent conduct, punitive damages may be available to punish the wrongdoer and deter future misconduct.
Note: North Carolina has caps on punitive damages (generally the greater of 3x compensatory damages or $250,000). Consult an attorney for analysis specific to your situation.
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NC Assisted Living Neglect Demand Letter Template

Below is a template demand letter for North Carolina assisted living facility disputes. Customize the bracketed sections with your specific facts.

[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[City, NC ZIP]
[Your Phone]
[Your Email]

[Date]
VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED

[Facility Administrator Name]
[Facility Name]
[Facility Address]
[City, NC ZIP]
Re: Formal Demand — Neglect/Abuse of [Resident Name]
Resident at [Facility Name]
Dates of Residency: [Start Date] to [End Date or Present]

Dear [Administrator Name]:

I am writing on behalf of [Resident Name], [my mother/father/relative/ward], who [is/was] a resident at [Facility Name]. This letter constitutes formal demand for resolution of serious violations of North Carolina law and the statutory rights guaranteed to residents of Adult Care Homes.

SUMMARY OF VIOLATIONS

During [his/her] residency, [Resident Name] suffered the following harm due to your facility's negligence, abuse, and/or failure to comply with applicable law:

[Describe specific incidents, injuries, or failures. Be specific about dates, what happened, what injuries resulted, and how the facility failed in its duties. Examples:]

  • [On DATE, Resident suffered a fall due to inadequate supervision, resulting in INJURY. Staff did not respond for X minutes despite call light activation.]
  • [Resident developed Stage X pressure ulcers due to failure to reposition and provide adequate skin care as required by the care plan.]
  • [Staff verbally abused Resident on DATE by DESCRIPTION, in violation of Resident's right to be treated with dignity.]
  • [Facility failed to administer prescribed medications on multiple occasions, as documented in medication administration records.]

VIOLATIONS OF NORTH CAROLINA LAW

The conduct described above constitutes violations of multiple provisions of North Carolina law, including but not limited to:

  • NC Gen. Stat. § 131D-21 — Residents' Bill of Rights, including the rights to dignity, freedom from abuse and neglect, adequate care, and privacy;
  • NC Gen. Stat. Chapter 131D — Adult Care Home Licensure Act operational requirements;
  • 10A NCAC 13F — Administrative rules governing staffing (.0901), care services (.0700), medication management (.0800), and facility safety;
  • NC Gen. Stat. Chapter 108A, Article 6 — Abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a disabled adult;
  • Common law negligence and breach of contract.

DAMAGES

As a direct result of your facility's failures, [Resident Name] and [his/her] family have suffered the following damages:

  • Medical expenses for treatment of injuries: [$X.XX or "to be determined"]
  • Physical pain, suffering, and emotional distress
  • Fees paid to the facility for inadequate care: [$X.XX]
  • Costs of relocation to alternative care: [$X.XX]
  • [Other specific damages]

DEMAND

I hereby demand that [Facility Name] take the following actions within fourteen (14) days of the date of this letter:

  1. Provide a full refund of fees paid during the period of substandard care, totaling [$X.XX];
  2. Compensate [Resident Name] for medical expenses, pain and suffering, and other damages in the amount of [$X.XX], OR contact me to negotiate a fair resolution;
  3. Provide complete copies of [Resident Name]'s medical records, care plans, incident reports, and medication administration records;
  4. Provide written acknowledgment of the violations and a corrective action plan.

CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE

If I do not receive a satisfactory response within the time specified, I intend to pursue all available remedies, including but not limited to:

  • Filing a formal complaint with the NC Division of Health Service Regulation (DHSR);
  • Filing a report with Adult Protective Services pursuant to Chapter 108A;
  • Contacting the NC Long-Term Care Ombudsman;
  • Initiating civil litigation to recover damages, including medical expenses, pain and suffering, and punitive damages as warranted;
  • Reporting potential criminal violations to local law enforcement under NC Gen. Stat. § 14-32.3.

I am prepared to resolve this matter without litigation if [Facility Name] acts promptly and in good faith. However, I will not hesitate to exercise all legal rights to protect [Resident Name] and prevent future harm to other residents.

Please direct all responses to me at the address above.

Sincerely,




____________________________
[Your Name]
[Relationship to Resident, e.g., "Daughter and Attorney-in-Fact"]

Enclosures:
- Photographs of [injuries/conditions]
- Medical records from [hospital/provider]
- [Other supporting documentation]

cc:
- NC Division of Health Service Regulation
- [Attorney Name, if represented]

Customization Tips:
  • Replace all [bracketed] text with your specific information
  • Add specific dates, times, and details for each incident
  • Attach copies (not originals) of supporting documents
  • Send via certified mail with return receipt to prove delivery
  • Keep a copy of everything for your records

Need Professional Help With Your Case?

Elder abuse cases can be complex. Consider consulting with an attorney who specializes in nursing home and assisted living litigation.