New Car Keeps Breaking Down? Get a Full Buyback or Replacement.
California has the strongest lemon law in America. If your new vehicle has repeated defects that can't be fixed, the manufacturer MUST refund your money or give you a new car. And they pay your attorney fees.
Full Refund
Or Replacement Vehicle
2x Damages
If Willful Violation
$0 Attorney Fees
Manufacturer Pays If You Win
* Why California's Lemon Law is the Strongest in the US
The Game-Changer: Manufacturer Pays Your Attorney Fees
Under Civil Code 1794, if you prevail in a California lemon law case, the manufacturer MUST pay your attorney fees and costs. This is why lemon law attorneys take cases on contingency at no upfront cost to you. It levels the playing field against billion-dollar automakers and makes even smaller claims economically viable to pursue. No other state has a lemon law this consumer-friendly.
California's Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act (Civil Code 1790-1795.8) provides powerful remedies that other states simply don't offer:
Your choice of refund OR replacement - The manufacturer cannot force you to accept a replacement if you want your money back
Up to 2x civil penalty - If the manufacturer willfully violated the law, you can recover double your damages
No arbitration requirement - Unlike many states, California doesn't require you to go through manufacturer arbitration first
Covers more than just cars - Any consumer good with a manufacturer's warranty (appliances, electronics, etc.)
If the manufacturer or its representative (dealer) cannot repair a defect after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer must either replace the vehicle or refund the purchase price, at the buyer's option. This is the core lemon law provision.
Civil Code 1794 - Remedies: Refund or Replacement
Buyers who prevail in Song-Beverly cases are entitled to recover damages, as well as a civil penalty of up to two times the damages if the violation was willful. Critically, the manufacturer must also pay the buyer's attorney fees and costs.
Civil Code 1794.2 - Manufacturer Pays Attorney Fees
A prevailing buyer shall be allowed reasonable attorney fees and costs. This provision is what makes lemon law claims economically viable - attorneys take these cases on contingency because they know the manufacturer will pay their fees if they win.
Civil Code 1794.5 - 2x Civil Penalty for Willful Violations
If a manufacturer willfully fails to comply with its obligations under the Song-Beverly Act, the buyer may recover a civil penalty of up to two times the amount of actual damages. This penalizes manufacturers who ignore valid claims.
Civil Code 1793.22 - The "Presumption" (18 months/18,000 miles)
Creates a rebuttable presumption that a vehicle is a "lemon" if within 18 months or 18,000 miles of delivery: (1) 2+ repair attempts for same safety defect, (2) 4+ attempts for same other defect, or (3) 30+ cumulative days out of service. This presumption shifts the burden to the manufacturer.
! Does Your Vehicle Qualify as a Lemon?
Your new vehicle may be a lemon under California law if ANY of these situations apply:
Substantial Defect
Your vehicle has a defect that substantially impairs its use, value, or safety. This includes engine problems, transmission issues, electrical failures, brake defects, airbag malfunctions, or any problem that makes the car unreliable or unsafe.
Multiple Repair Attempts Failed
The dealer has attempted to repair the same problem multiple times but it keeps coming back. California presumes it's a lemon after 2+ attempts for safety defects or 4+ attempts for other defects within the presumption period.
30+ Days Out of Service
Your vehicle has been in the shop for repairs for 30 or more cumulative calendar days during the warranty period. This counts ALL repair visits, even for different problems. Time waiting for parts counts too.
Manufacturer Refusing Buyback
You've requested a buyback or replacement and the manufacturer has denied it, delayed, or offered an unfair settlement. California law gives YOU the choice between refund and replacement - not them.
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Important: Keep Taking It Back for Repairs
Every time the problem recurs, take it to the dealer for repair and get documentation. Each repair visit strengthens your lemon law claim. Don't give up or try to fix it yourself - you need that paper trail.
$ What You Can Recover
California's lemon law provides comprehensive compensation to make you whole:
Deducted from refund based on miles driven BEFORE first repair attempt (not total miles)
Usually minimal
Incidental Damages
Rental cars, towing, Uber/Lyft, lost wages, hotel if stranded
$500 - $5,000+
Civil Penalty (2x)
Up to 2x actual damages if manufacturer willfully violated the law
$30,000 - $160,000+
Attorney Fees
Manufacturer pays YOUR attorney fees if you prevail
$0 out of pocket
Mileage Offset Calculation
The mileage offset is calculated using this formula:
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Mileage Offset Formula
(Miles at first repair attempt / 120,000) x Purchase Price = Offset Amount
Example: If you drove 3,000 miles before the first repair and the car cost $40,000:
(3,000 / 120,000) x $40,000 = $1,000 offset deducted from your refund.
$ Lemon Law Refund Calculator
Use this calculator to estimate your potential refund under California's Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act. Enter your vehicle and payment information below.
Total price including taxes and fees
Amount paid upfront at purchase
Your monthly car payment
Total monthly payments completed
Odometer reading when you first took it in for repairs
Rental cars, towing, Uber, lost wages, etc.
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What is a Willful Violation?
A willful violation occurs when the manufacturer knowingly refuses to comply with the lemon law, such as denying a valid buyback request, ignoring your claim, or failing to respond within a reasonable time. If proven, you may recover up to 2x your actual damages as a civil penalty.
Estimated Refund Breakdown
Purchase Price$0
Down Payment$0
Total Monthly Payments Made$0
Incidental Damages$0
Mileage Offset (deducted)-$0
Base Refund Amount$0
Civil Penalty (2x for willful violation)+$0
Total Estimated Refund$0
Disclaimer: This calculator provides an estimate only and is not legal advice. Actual refund amounts may vary based on your specific circumstances, loan payoff amounts, and other factors. The mileage offset is calculated using the Song-Beverly formula: (Miles at first repair / 120,000) x Purchase Price. Consult with a lemon law attorney for an accurate assessment of your case.
@ Demand Letter Template
Send this letter via certified mail with return receipt requested to BOTH the manufacturer AND the dealer. Keep copies of everything.
DEMAND FOR REPURCHASE OR REPLACEMENT UNDER SONG-BEVERLY CONSUMER WARRANTY ACT[Your Name][Your Address][City, CA ZIP][Phone][Email][Date]
VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
[Manufacturer Name][Manufacturer Legal/Customer Relations Address][City, State ZIP]
CC: [Dealer Name][Dealer Address]
Re: Lemon Law Demand - Request for Repurchase or Replacement
Vehicle: [Year Make Model]
VIN: [Vehicle Identification Number]
Purchase Date: [Date of Purchase/Lease]
Current Mileage: [Current Odometer Reading]
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to formally demand that [Manufacturer Name] repurchase or replace my vehicle pursuant to the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, California Civil Code Sections 1790-1795.8.
VEHICLE INFORMATION:
Vehicle: [Year Make Model Trim]
VIN: [17-digit VIN]
Purchase/Lease Date: [Date]
Selling Dealer: [Dealer Name and Location]
Purchase Price: $[Amount]
Current Mileage: [Miles]
Mileage at First Repair: [Miles]NATURE OF DEFECT(S):
Since purchasing this vehicle, I have experienced the following substantial defect(s) that impair the vehicle's use, value, and/or safety:
[Describe the defect(s) in detail - e.g., "The transmission hesitates, jerks, and slips when shifting between gears, causing unsafe driving conditions and risk of collision. The check engine light repeatedly illuminates. The vehicle has stalled multiple times in traffic."]REPAIR HISTORY:
I have presented this vehicle to your authorized dealer(s) for repair of these defects on the following occasions:
1. Date: [Date] | Mileage: [Miles] | Dealer: [Name]
Complaint: [What you reported]
Work Performed: [What dealer did]
Days Out of Service: [Number]
2. Date: [Date] | Mileage: [Miles] | Dealer: [Name]
Complaint: [What you reported]
Work Performed: [What dealer did]
Days Out of Service: [Number]
3. Date: [Date] | Mileage: [Miles] | Dealer: [Name]
Complaint: [What you reported]
Work Performed: [What dealer did]
Days Out of Service: [Number][Add additional repair visits as needed]
Total Repair Attempts for Same Defect: [Number]
Total Days Out of Service: [Number]LEGAL BASIS:
Under California Civil Code Section 1793.2(d), if the manufacturer or its representative is unable to service or repair a new motor vehicle to conform to the applicable express warranties after a reasonable number of attempts, the manufacturer must either promptly replace the vehicle or promptly make restitution.
Civil Code Section 1793.22 creates a rebuttable presumption that a reasonable number of repair attempts has been exceeded when:
(1) The same nonconformity has been subject to repair 4 or more times; OR
(2) A nonconformity that is likely to cause death or serious bodily injury has been subject to repair 2 or more times; OR
(3) The vehicle has been out of service for repair for a cumulative total of 30 or more calendar days.
My vehicle meets the presumption under Section 1793.22 because: [State which criteria: "the same defect has been subject to [number] repair attempts" OR "the vehicle has been out of service for [number] cumulative days" OR both].
DEMAND:
Pursuant to Civil Code Section 1793.2(d)(2), I hereby demand a FULL REFUND (repurchase) of my vehicle, including:
• Full purchase/lease price paid
• All sales and use taxes
• Registration and license fees
• All official fees and charges
• Incidental damages incurred (rental vehicles, towing, etc.)
• Less the mileage offset calculated per Civil Code 1793.2(d)(2)(C)
[OR: "Alternatively, I will accept replacement with a substantially identical vehicle if a refund cannot be processed."]
Please respond to this demand within thirty (30) days. If I do not receive a satisfactory response, I will have no choice but to pursue all available legal remedies, including litigation under the Song-Beverly Act.
Please be advised that Civil Code Section 1794 provides for recovery of attorney fees and costs, and Civil Code Section 1794.5 provides for a civil penalty of up to two times the amount of actual damages if a violation is willful. A failure to promptly respond to this demand may be considered evidence of willful violation.
I can be reached at [Phone] or [Email] to discuss resolution.
Sincerely,
_______________________________
[Your Signature][Your Printed Name]Enclosures:
• Copy of Purchase/Lease Agreement
• All Repair Orders and Invoices
• Warranty Booklet
• Photos/Videos of Defect (if applicable)
• Rental Car Receipts
• Correspondence with Dealer/Manufacturer
cc: [Selling Dealer - General Manager][Your Attorney, if applicable]
# Evidence Checklist - Gather Before Sending
Strong documentation is essential for a successful lemon law claim. Collect all of the following:
1Purchase or Lease Contract - The original signed agreement showing purchase price, dealer, date, and all terms
2All Repair Orders and Invoices - EVERY service visit, even if they said "could not duplicate." These prove your repair attempts
3Warranty Booklet - The manufacturer's written warranty that came with the vehicle
4Communications with Dealer - Emails, texts, letters, and notes of phone calls about the problems
5Communications with Manufacturer - Any contact with manufacturer customer service, case numbers, correspondence
6Rental Car Receipts - Documentation of rental costs while your car was being repaired
7Towing Receipts - If your vehicle had to be towed to the dealer
8Photos and Videos of Defect - Visual evidence of the problem, warning lights, symptoms
9Window Sticker (Monroney) - If you still have it, shows MSRP and original equipment
10Loan/Financing Documents - If financed, shows amounts owed and payment history
TIP
Request Your Complete Service History
Ask the dealer for your complete service history printout. They keep records you may not have copies of. Also request any Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) related to your vehicle's problems - these show the manufacturer knew about the defect.
? Frequently Asked Questions
What qualifies as a lemon under California law?
Under California's Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, a new vehicle qualifies as a "lemon" if it has a substantial defect affecting its use, value, or safety that the manufacturer or dealer cannot repair after a reasonable number of attempts. The defect must be covered by the manufacturer's warranty and must have occurred within 18 months or 18,000 miles of delivery.
How many repair attempts are needed for a lemon law claim?
California's lemon law presumes a vehicle is a lemon if: (1) Two or more repair attempts for the same safety-related defect that could cause death or serious injury; (2) Four or more repair attempts for the same non-safety defect; OR (3) The vehicle has been out of service for repairs for 30 or more cumulative days. These attempts must occur within 18 months or 18,000 miles of delivery.
Do I need a lawyer for a California lemon law case?
You can pursue a lemon law claim yourself, but hiring an attorney is often advantageous because California law requires the manufacturer to pay your attorney fees if you win (Civil Code 1794). This means you can have professional representation at no out-of-pocket cost. Most lemon law attorneys work on contingency and only collect fees from the manufacturer.
What is the "reasonable number of repair attempts" presumption?
Civil Code 1793.22 creates a rebuttable presumption that a vehicle is a lemon if, within 18 months or 18,000 miles of delivery: the same safety defect has been subject to 2+ repair attempts, the same other defect has been subject to 4+ repair attempts, or the vehicle has been out of service 30+ cumulative days. The manufacturer can try to rebut this presumption, but the burden shifts to them.
Can I get a refund or must I accept a replacement vehicle?
Under Civil Code 1793.2(d), YOU get to choose between a refund (buyback) or a replacement vehicle of the same make and model. The manufacturer cannot force you to accept a replacement if you want a refund. The refund includes the purchase price, taxes, registration fees, and incidental damages, minus a mileage offset for use before the first repair attempt.
Does lemon law cover leased vehicles?
Yes, California's Song-Beverly Act covers leased vehicles just like purchased vehicles. If your leased car qualifies as a lemon, you're entitled to a refund of all lease payments made, plus your security deposit, and termination of the lease with no early termination penalties. The lessor (leasing company) and manufacturer are jointly responsible.
Manufacturer Ignoring Your Claim? Get Help.
Remember: California law requires manufacturers to pay your attorney fees if you win. You have nothing to lose by getting professional help with your lemon law claim.