California Partnership Dispute Demand Letters

Corporations Code 16100+ (RUPA) | Fiduciary Duties | Profit Distribution | Dissolution & Buyouts

California Partnership Law: Revised Uniform Partnership Act (RUPA)
Core Legal Framework: California adopted the Revised Uniform Partnership Act (RUPA), codified in Corporations Code Sections 16100-16962. RUPA governs the formation, operation, and dissolution of general partnerships in California, establishing default rules for partner relationships, fiduciary duties, profit sharing, and dispute resolution. Understanding these provisions is essential when asserting your rights against a partner who has breached their duties.
Partnership Formation (Corp. Code 16101-16202)

A partnership is formed when two or more persons associate to carry on a business for profit as co-owners:

  • No Written Agreement Required: Partnerships can be formed orally or by conduct, though written agreements are strongly recommended
  • Partnership Agreement: The partnership agreement governs partner relations; RUPA provides default rules where the agreement is silent
  • Profit Sharing as Evidence: Receipt of a share of profits creates a presumption of partnership (Corp. Code 16202(c)(3))
  • Entity Status: Under RUPA, a partnership is an entity distinct from its partners (Corp. Code 16201)
Fiduciary Duties of Partners (Corp. Code 16404)

Partners owe each other the highest fiduciary duties recognized in law:

Duty Description Code Section
Duty of Loyalty Account for partnership property; refrain from self-dealing; refrain from competing with partnership Corp. Code 16404(b)
Duty of Care Refrain from grossly negligent or reckless conduct, intentional misconduct, or knowing violation of law Corp. Code 16404(c)
Good Faith and Fair Dealing Discharge duties and exercise rights consistently with the obligation of good faith Corp. Code 16404(d)
Duty to Provide Information Partners must furnish complete and accurate information about partnership business Corp. Code 16403
Heightened Standard: California courts apply the most exacting fiduciary standards to partners. As stated in Leff v. Gunter (1983), partners owe each other a duty of "finest loyalty" and must act with "the punctilio of an honor the most sensitive." Self-dealing transactions are presumed unfair and the burden shifts to the self-dealing partner to prove fairness.
Partnership Rights and Obligations (Corp. Code 16401)

Each partner has the following default rights under RUPA:

  • Equal Share of Profits: Partners share equally in profits and losses unless otherwise agreed (Corp. Code 16401(b))
  • Equal Right to Manage: Each partner has equal rights in management and conduct of business (Corp. Code 16401(f))
  • Indemnification: Partnership must indemnify partners for payments made in ordinary course of business (Corp. Code 16401(c))
  • Access to Books and Records: Each partner has right to inspect and copy partnership books (Corp. Code 16403(b))
  • No Compensation: Partners are not entitled to compensation for services except for winding up (Corp. Code 16401(h))
Partnership Agreement Provisions

The partnership agreement may modify many RUPA default rules, but certain provisions cannot be waived:

Non-Waivable Provisions (Corp. Code 16103(b)):
  • The duty of loyalty (though specific activities may be authorized)
  • The duty of care (though the standard cannot be unreasonably reduced)
  • The obligation of good faith and fair dealing
  • The right to seek judicial dissolution
  • The right to an accounting
  • The power to dissociate at any time
Dissolution Rights (Corp. Code 16801-16807)

A partnership may be dissolved through various means:

  • Express Will: Notice of a partner's express will to withdraw (at-will partnerships)
  • Expiration of Term: If partnership is for a definite term or particular undertaking
  • Unanimous Consent: Agreement of all partners to dissolve
  • Illegality: When the partnership business becomes unlawful
  • Judicial Dissolution: Court-ordered dissolution for cause (Corp. Code 16801(5))
Judicial Dissolution Grounds (Corp. Code 16801(5)): A court may order dissolution when: (A) the economic purpose of the partnership is likely to be unreasonably frustrated; (B) another partner's conduct makes it not reasonably practicable to carry on business; (C) it is not otherwise reasonably practicable to carry on partnership business in conformity with the partnership agreement.
Common Partnership Dispute Issues
1. Profit Distribution Disputes
Most Common Conflict: Disputes over how profits are calculated and distributed are the most frequent source of partnership litigation. Managing partners may manipulate accounting, retain excessive "reserves," pay themselves disguised compensation, or simply refuse to distribute earned profits to other partners.
  • Managing partner refuses to distribute profits despite profitable operations
  • Profits are retained as "reserves" without legitimate business purpose
  • Expenses are inflated to reduce distributable profits
  • Partner takes disguised distributions (salary, perks, personal expenses) not available to others
  • Different profit-sharing interpretations between partners
  • Failure to provide financial statements showing profit calculations
2. Breach of Fiduciary Duty

Partners frequently breach their fiduciary duties in the following ways:

Type of Breach Examples
Self-Dealing Partner contracts with the partnership on terms favorable to themselves; uses partnership assets for personal benefit
Usurpation of Opportunity Partner takes for themselves a business opportunity that belonged to the partnership
Competition Partner operates a competing business or diverts customers to a personal venture
Misappropriation Partner takes partnership funds or property for personal use
Concealment Partner hides material information about partnership business from other partners
Waste Partner dissipates partnership assets through reckless or negligent conduct
3. Unauthorized Actions
  • Major Transactions Without Consent: Partner binds partnership to significant contracts without required approval
  • Borrowing: Partner takes out loans in partnership name without authorization
  • Hiring/Firing: Partner makes major staffing decisions unilaterally
  • Asset Sales: Partner sells or pledges partnership assets without consent
  • New Ventures: Partner commits partnership to new business lines not contemplated by agreement
  • Settlements: Partner settles claims against partnership without informing others
Authority Rules (Corp. Code 16301): Each partner is an agent of the partnership for carrying on partnership business in the ordinary course. However, acts outside the ordinary course require the consent of all partners (Corp. Code 16401(j)). Acts in violation of a restriction on authority may still bind the partnership if the third party did not know of the restriction.
4. Capital Contribution Disputes
  • Partner fails to make agreed capital contributions
  • Partner demands return of capital contributions prematurely
  • Dispute over valuation of non-cash contributions
  • Partner claims credit for contributions not properly documented
  • Additional capital calls disputed as unnecessary or improper
  • Disproportionate sharing of capital burdens
5. Partner Buyout Disputes
  • Valuation Disputes: Partners cannot agree on fair market value of departing partner's interest
  • Buyout Terms: Disputes over payment timing, interest, and security
  • Goodwill: Whether and how to value partnership goodwill
  • Non-Compete: Disputes over scope and enforceability of post-buyout restrictions
  • Wrongful Dissociation: Departing partner claims buyout was wrongful; remaining partners claim departure was wrongful
6. Partner Expulsion
Expulsion Requirements (Corp. Code 16601(4)): A partner may be expelled only:
  • Pursuant to the partnership agreement
  • By unanimous vote of the other partners if: (a) unlawful to carry on business with that partner; (b) there has been a transfer of substantially all of that partner's interest; (c) within 90 days of a charging order against that partner's interest
  • By judicial determination for specified misconduct (Corp. Code 16601(5))
Wrongful expulsion can result in liability for damages to the expelled partner.
7. Denial of Access to Books and Records
  • Managing partner refuses to provide financial statements
  • Partner is denied access to bank accounts and records
  • Incomplete or manipulated records are provided
  • Delay tactics prevent timely access to information
  • Password changes lock partner out of accounting systems
How to Write Your Partnership Dispute Demand Letter
Strategic Considerations Before Writing

Partnership disputes require careful consideration of your goals before sending any demand:

Preserving vs. Ending the Relationship: Your approach should differ based on whether you want to:
  • Continue the Partnership: Focus on remedying specific issues while maintaining working relationship
  • Exit Amicably: Propose fair buyout terms and negotiate separation
  • Litigate: Document violations thoroughly to support future claims
The tone, content, and demands in your letter should align with your ultimate objective.
Step 1: Gather Your Documentation

Before writing, collect all relevant evidence:

  • Partnership Agreement: Review all provisions regarding the specific dispute
  • Financial Records: Statements, tax returns, bank records, profit/loss statements
  • Communications: Emails, texts, letters discussing the disputed matters
  • Meeting Minutes: Records of partner meetings and decisions
  • Capital Contribution Records: Proof of all contributions made
  • Distribution History: Records of all distributions received
  • Third-Party Evidence: Contracts, invoices, or statements showing partner misconduct
Step 2: Identify the Legal Violations
Type of Claim Key Elements to Document
Breach of Fiduciary Duty Specific acts of self-dealing, competition, misappropriation, or concealment with dates and evidence
Breach of Partnership Agreement Specific provisions violated and how, with references to agreement sections
Demand for Accounting Time period for which accounting is demanded; specific records requested
Profit Distribution Calculation of profits owed; period covered; basis for calculation
Dissolution Grounds for dissolution under Corp. Code 16801; impracticability of continuing
Step 3: Structure Your Demand Letter

Essential Components:

Component What to Include
Header Your name, address, phone, email; date; other partner(s)' names and addresses
Subject Line "Demand for Accounting and Profit Distribution" or "Notice of Breach of Fiduciary Duty"
Partnership Identification Name of partnership, date formed, nature of business, your ownership percentage
Statement of Facts Chronological description of events leading to the dispute
Legal Violations Specific statutes and agreement provisions violated
Demand Specific actions required (accounting, payment, access to records, etc.)
Deadline Reasonable time to comply (typically 10-30 days depending on complexity)
Consequences Actions you will take if demands are not met (litigation, dissolution petition, etc.)
Step 4: Demand for Accounting
Accounting Right (Corp. Code 16405): Every partner has the right to a formal accounting of partnership affairs:
  • If the partner is wrongfully excluded from the partnership business
  • If the right exists under the partnership agreement
  • As provided by Corporations Code Section 16405(b)
  • Whenever circumstances render it just and reasonable
An accounting demand is often the essential first step in partnership disputes, as it forces disclosure of financial information needed to quantify your claims.
Step 5: Tone and Approach

If Preserving the Relationship:

  • Express desire to resolve issues and continue working together
  • Propose specific remedies that address your concerns
  • Suggest mediation or facilitated discussion
  • Avoid accusatory language; focus on facts and solutions

If Preparing for Litigation:

  • Document violations in detail with specific dates and evidence
  • Cite specific statutory and contractual provisions violated
  • State damages clearly and provide basis for calculation
  • Set firm deadlines and state clear consequences
  • Reserve all rights and remedies
Step 6: Delivery Method
  • Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested: Provides proof of delivery
  • Email + Certified Mail: Ensures immediate receipt plus legal documentation
  • Partnership Address: Send to the other partner's address as specified in the partnership agreement
  • Keep Copies: Retain copies of everything sent
Preserve Your Rights: Include language such as "This letter is not intended to waive any rights or remedies available under law or the partnership agreement, all of which are expressly reserved." This prevents the other party from arguing that your demand letter limited your future claims.
Sample Partnership Dispute Demand Letters
Sample 1: Demand for Partnership Accounting
[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP] [Phone Number] [Email Address] [Date] VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED AND EMAIL [Partner Name] [Partner Address] [City, State ZIP] RE: DEMAND FOR PARTNERSHIP ACCOUNTING Partnership: [Partnership Name] Partner Ownership: [Your Percentage]% Dear [Partner Name]: I am a [percentage]% partner in [Partnership Name] (the "Partnership"). I write to formally demand a complete accounting of all Partnership affairs pursuant to California Corporations Code Section 16405 and Article [X] of our Partnership Agreement dated [Date]. BACKGROUND Since approximately [Date], I have been excluded from meaningful participation in Partnership financial matters. Despite my repeated requests, you have failed to provide me with current financial statements, bank account access, or any accounting of Partnership income and expenses. My most recent request on [Date] was ignored. As a partner, I have the statutory and contractual right to full access to all Partnership books and records. Your refusal to provide this information constitutes a breach of your fiduciary duty of disclosure under Corporations Code Section 16403 and Section 16404(d). DEMAND FOR ACCOUNTING I hereby demand, within TWENTY (20) DAYS of your receipt of this letter, a complete accounting including: 1. Complete financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, cash flow) for the period from [Start Date] through present; 2. All bank statements for every Partnership account for the same period; 3. A detailed schedule of all Partnership income, by source; 4. A detailed schedule of all Partnership expenses, by category, with supporting documentation; 5. A schedule of all distributions made to any partner, including dates and amounts; 6. A schedule of all payments made to any partner for salary, consulting fees, expense reimbursements, or any other purpose; 7. All tax returns (federal and state) filed for the Partnership for the past [X] years; 8. A current schedule of all Partnership assets and liabilities; 9. All contracts and agreements to which the Partnership is a party; 10. Access to the Partnership's accounting software and bank accounts. LEGAL BASIS Under Corporations Code Section 16403(b), each partner has the right to inspect and copy Partnership books and records. Under Section 16405, a partner may maintain an action for an accounting whenever circumstances render it just and reasonable. Your exclusion of me from Partnership financial information makes such an accounting just and reasonable. Additionally, under Section 16404(b)(1), you have a duty to account to the Partnership for any property, profit, or benefit derived in conducting Partnership business. Your failure to provide an accounting prevents me from determining whether you have complied with this duty. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE If you fail to provide the demanded accounting within 20 days, I will: 1. File a petition in [County] Superior Court for a judicial accounting pursuant to Corporations Code Section 16405; 2. Seek appointment of a receiver or accountant to conduct an independent examination of Partnership finances; 3. Pursue claims for breach of fiduciary duty and any damages resulting from your misconduct; 4. Seek recovery of my attorney's fees and costs as permitted by the Partnership Agreement and law. I remain willing to resolve this matter amicably if you comply with your legal obligations. However, I will not continue to be excluded from financial information to which I am entitled. This letter is not intended to waive any rights or remedies available to me under law or the Partnership Agreement, all of which are expressly reserved. Sincerely, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] cc: [Your Attorney, if applicable]
Sample 2: Demand for Profit Distribution
[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP] [Phone Number] [Email Address] [Date] VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED [Managing Partner Name] [Partnership Name] [Address] [City, State ZIP] RE: DEMAND FOR DISTRIBUTION OF PARTNERSHIP PROFITS Partnership: [Partnership Name] Period: [Start Date] through [End Date] Amount Due: $[Amount] Dear [Managing Partner Name]: I am a [percentage]% partner in [Partnership Name] (the "Partnership"). I write to demand immediate distribution of my share of Partnership profits for the period [Start Date] through [End Date]. PROFIT DISTRIBUTION ENTITLEMENT Under Article [X] of our Partnership Agreement, profits are to be distributed [quarterly/annually/as determined]. According to the Partnership's financial statements for the relevant period, the Partnership earned net profits of approximately $[Total Profit Amount]. My [percentage]% share of these profits equals $[Your Share Amount]. Despite the Partnership's profitability, you have refused to distribute any profits during this period. When I raised this issue on [Date], you claimed [state reason given, if any]. This justification is insufficient and does not comply with the Partnership Agreement or California law. IMPROPER RETENTION OF PROFITS Under California Corporations Code Section 16401(b), profits are to be shared equally among partners (or as otherwise specified in the partnership agreement). Your decision to retain all profits in the Partnership, or to use them for purposes not authorized by the Partnership Agreement, violates my rights as a partner. I am aware that you have [describe any improper conduct, e.g., "taken a salary of $X that was not authorized," "made capital expenditures of $X without partner approval," "paid personal expenses totaling $X from Partnership funds"]. These actions further reduce the profits available for distribution and may constitute breaches of your fiduciary duty. DEMAND I demand payment of $[Amount] within FIFTEEN (15) DAYS of your receipt of this letter, representing my share of Partnership profits for the period [Dates]. Payment should be made by check payable to [Your Name] and mailed to my address above. If the Partnership lacks sufficient cash for this distribution due to your mismanagement or misappropriation, I will hold you personally liable for the shortfall. CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE If I do not receive payment within 15 days, I will: 1. File a lawsuit against you and the Partnership for breach of the Partnership Agreement and breach of fiduciary duty; 2. Seek a full accounting of all Partnership finances pursuant to Corporations Code Section 16405; 3. Pursue dissolution of the Partnership under Corporations Code Section 16801(5) on grounds that it is not reasonably practicable to carry on business with you; 4. Seek all damages, including punitive damages for breach of fiduciary duty, as well as attorney's fees and costs. I strongly urge you to resolve this matter by making the demanded distribution. I am willing to meet to discuss a reasonable approach to ongoing profit distributions, but I will not continue to have my share of profits withheld without legal justification. This letter is not intended to waive any rights or remedies available to me under law or the Partnership Agreement, all of which are expressly reserved. Sincerely, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name]
Sample 3: Notice of Breach of Fiduciary Duty
[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP] [Phone Number] [Email Address] [Date] VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED [Partner Name] [Address] [City, State ZIP] RE: NOTICE OF BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY Partnership: [Partnership Name] Demand for Remedy and Disgorgement Dear [Partner Name]: I write to notify you that your actions constitute serious breaches of the fiduciary duties you owe to me and to [Partnership Name] (the "Partnership") under California law. This letter demands that you cease your wrongful conduct immediately and disgorge all benefits improperly obtained. FIDUCIARY DUTIES OWED As partners, we owe each other the highest fiduciary duties recognized in law. Under California Corporations Code Section 16404: - You must account to the Partnership for any property, profit, or benefit derived from use of Partnership property or in conducting Partnership business (Section 16404(b)(1)); - You must refrain from dealing with the Partnership as an adverse party (Section 16404(b)(2)); - You must refrain from competing with the Partnership (Section 16404(b)(3)); - You must discharge your duties with the care of an ordinarily prudent person (Section 16404(c)). BREACHES OF FIDUCIARY DUTY I have discovered that you have engaged in the following conduct in violation of your fiduciary duties: 1. SELF-DEALING: [Describe specific self-dealing transactions, e.g., "On or about [Date], you caused the Partnership to enter into a contract with [Company Name], a company in which you have a [X]% ownership interest. The contract terms were [describe unfavorable terms]. You did not disclose your interest in [Company Name] or obtain my consent to this transaction."] 2. USURPATION OF PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITY: [Describe, e.g., "I have learned that you personally acquired [describe opportunity] on [Date]. This opportunity came to you through your position as a partner and belonged to the Partnership. You took it for yourself without offering it to the Partnership or obtaining my consent."] 3. COMPETITION: [Describe, e.g., "You have been operating [Competing Business Name] since approximately [Date], providing the same services as our Partnership to clients in the same market. This directly competes with the Partnership in violation of your duty of loyalty."] 4. MISAPPROPRIATION: [Describe, e.g., "Partnership records show that you have withdrawn $[Amount] from Partnership accounts for personal expenses, including [describe expenses]. These withdrawals were not authorized distributions and were not disclosed to me."] DEMAND FOR REMEDY I demand that within FOURTEEN (14) DAYS of your receipt of this letter, you: 1. CEASE all competitive activities and self-dealing transactions immediately; 2. DISGORGE to the Partnership all profits, benefits, and compensation you received from: - [Self-dealing transaction]: $[Amount] - [Usurped opportunity]: $[Amount] - [Competing business relating to Partnership clients/opportunities]: $[Amount] - [Misappropriated funds]: $[Amount] TOTAL DISGORGEMENT DEMANDED: $[Total Amount] 3. PROVIDE a complete accounting of all your dealings that may have involved Partnership property, opportunities, or clients; 4. ASSIGN to the Partnership any contracts, customer relationships, or other property that you wrongfully obtained. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES If you fail to comply with these demands, I will immediately: 1. File a lawsuit against you for breach of fiduciary duty, seeking compensatory and punitive damages; 2. Seek a constructive trust over all assets you obtained through breach of fiduciary duty; 3. Petition for judicial dissolution of the Partnership under Corporations Code Section 16801(5)(B), as your conduct makes it not reasonably practicable to carry on business with you; 4. Seek appointment of a receiver to protect Partnership assets; 5. Report your conduct to any applicable licensing authorities. Under California law, I may recover not only my share of the profits you wrongfully obtained, but also punitive damages for your intentional breach of fiduciary duty. I will pursue the maximum remedies available. I am prepared to litigate this matter if necessary. However, I am also willing to discuss a resolution that includes full disgorgement, restructuring of the Partnership, or a buyout of your interest at fair value (without premium for goodwill you have impaired). This letter is not intended to waive any rights or remedies available to me under law or the Partnership Agreement, all of which are expressly reserved. Sincerely, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] cc: [Your Attorney]
Sample 4: Demand for Dissolution and Buyout
[Your Name] [Your Address] [City, State ZIP] [Phone Number] [Email Address] [Date] VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED [Partner Name] [Address] [City, State ZIP] RE: NOTICE OF DISSOCIATION AND DEMAND FOR BUYOUT Partnership: [Partnership Name] Effective Date of Dissociation: [Date] Dear [Partner Name]: This letter serves as formal notice of my dissociation from [Partnership Name] (the "Partnership") pursuant to California Corporations Code Section 16601(1), effective [Date, typically 30 days from letter date or as specified in partnership agreement]. Alternatively, if you wish to continue the Partnership business, I demand that you purchase my partnership interest at fair value as provided by Corporations Code Section 16701. GROUNDS FOR DISSOCIATION I am exercising my right to dissociate from the Partnership due to the following circumstances: 1. [Describe primary reasons, e.g., "Irreconcilable differences regarding the management and direction of the Partnership"]; 2. [E.g., "Your repeated breaches of fiduciary duty as detailed in my letter dated [Date]"]; 3. [E.g., "Your refusal to provide access to Partnership financial records"]; 4. [E.g., "The economic purpose of the Partnership has been frustrated by your conduct"]. Under Corporations Code Section 16601(1), a partner may dissociate at any time by express will. This notice constitutes my express will to dissociate. BUYOUT DEMAND Under Corporations Code Section 16701, upon my dissociation, the Partnership must purchase my interest at a price equal to the greater of: (a) The liquidation value of my interest; or (b) The value of my interest based on the right to share in distributions from the Partnership. I demand that you provide, within THIRTY (30) DAYS: 1. A proposed buyout price for my [percentage]% interest, with supporting calculations and documentation; 2. Complete financial statements for the Partnership for the past [three] years; 3. A current balance sheet showing all assets and liabilities at fair market value; 4. An independent business valuation, if you dispute my valuation; 5. Proposed payment terms for the buyout. VALUATION OF MY INTEREST Based on my analysis, the fair market value of my partnership interest is approximately $[Amount], calculated as follows: Partnership Assets at Fair Market Value: $[Amount] Less: Partnership Liabilities: ($[Amount]) Net Asset Value: $[Amount] Partnership Goodwill: $[Amount] Total Partnership Value: $[Amount] My [percentage]% Interest: $[Amount] If you disagree with this valuation, I am willing to engage a mutually agreed independent appraiser to determine fair value. Each party shall pay half the appraisal cost. TERMS OF BUYOUT I expect the buyout to be completed within [60/90] days of agreement on price. Payment terms should include: 1. [Percentage]% of the purchase price at closing; 2. The balance paid over [time period] with interest at [rate]%; 3. Security for deferred payments (personal guarantee, UCC filing on business assets); 4. Release of my personal guarantees on any Partnership obligations. ALTERNATIVE: DISSOLUTION If you are unwilling or unable to purchase my interest at fair value, I demand dissolution and winding up of the Partnership pursuant to Corporations Code Section 16801. Upon dissolution: 1. All Partnership assets shall be liquidated; 2. Partnership debts shall be paid; 3. The remaining proceeds shall be distributed according to our respective interests; 4. I will participate fully in the winding up process. DEADLINE FOR RESPONSE Please respond in writing within THIRTY (30) DAYS indicating: 1. Whether you will purchase my interest, and if so, your proposed price and terms; or 2. Whether you agree to dissolution of the Partnership. If I do not receive a substantive response within 30 days, I will file a petition for judicial dissolution under Corporations Code Section 16801(5), seeking appointment of a receiver to protect Partnership assets and oversee the winding up process. This letter is not intended to waive any rights or remedies available to me under law or the Partnership Agreement, all of which are expressly reserved. Sincerely, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] cc: [Your Attorney]
Enforcement Options & Remedies
1. Partnership Accounting Actions
Right to Accounting (Corp. Code 16405): A partner may bring an action for an accounting to compel disclosure of partnership finances and determine each partner's rights. This is often the first step in partnership litigation, as it forces production of financial records needed to prove other claims.

When an Accounting is Available:

  • When a partner is wrongfully excluded from the partnership business or access to its books
  • When the partnership agreement provides for accounting
  • Whenever circumstances render an accounting "just and reasonable"
  • In connection with dissolution and winding up

What an Accounting Provides:

  • Complete disclosure of all partnership transactions
  • Identification of any breaches of duty
  • Calculation of amounts owed to each partner
  • Court-ordered judgment for amounts due
2. Judicial Dissolution

Under Corporations Code Section 16801(5), a court may order dissolution of the partnership when:

Grounds for Judicial Dissolution:
  • (A) The economic purpose of the partnership is likely to be unreasonably frustrated
  • (B) Another partner has engaged in conduct relating to the partnership business that makes it not reasonably practicable to carry on the business in partnership with that partner
  • (C) It is not otherwise reasonably practicable to carry on the partnership business in conformity with the partnership agreement

Dissolution Process:

  • File petition in Superior Court
  • Court may appoint receiver to preserve assets during litigation
  • Upon dissolution order, partnership must wind up affairs
  • Assets are liquidated, debts paid, and remaining proceeds distributed to partners
  • Court supervises distribution to ensure fairness
3. Damages for Breach of Fiduciary Duty

When a partner breaches fiduciary duties, multiple remedies are available:

Remedy Description
Compensatory Damages Money damages to compensate for losses caused by the breach
Disgorgement Recovery of all profits the breaching partner obtained through wrongdoing
Constructive Trust Imposition of trust on assets wrongfully obtained, requiring transfer to partnership
Punitive Damages Additional damages to punish intentional or malicious breaches
Injunctive Relief Court order requiring partner to stop wrongful conduct
Accounting Judicial determination of all amounts owed
Disgorgement Standard: Under California law, a fiduciary who breaches the duty of loyalty must disgorge all profits from the disloyal conduct, regardless of whether the partnership suffered any actual harm. The focus is on the wrongdoer's gain, not the victim's loss.
4. Buyout Procedures (Corp. Code 16701)

When a partner dissociates, RUPA provides a detailed buyout framework:

  • Buyout Price: Equal to the amount distributable to the partner on dissolution, as if partnership assets were sold at liquidation value (or greater of that and value based on right to distributions)
  • Payment Timing: Within 120 days after dissociation (or as agreed)
  • Interest: Interest accrues on the buyout price from date of dissociation
  • Offset: Partnership may offset damages caused by wrongful dissociation
  • Court Determination: If parties cannot agree, court determines fair value
5. Receivership

In appropriate cases, the court may appoint a receiver to:

  • Take custody of partnership assets during litigation
  • Prevent dissipation of assets by a wrongdoing partner
  • Conduct independent accounting and investigation
  • Operate the business during dissolution
  • Liquidate assets and distribute proceeds
When to Seek Receivership: Consider requesting a receiver when:
  • Partner is actively misappropriating or wasting assets
  • Business records are being destroyed or hidden
  • Partners are deadlocked and cannot manage the business
  • There is a risk of irreparable harm without court supervision
6. Statute of Limitations
Claim Type Limitations Period Code Section
Breach of Written Partnership Agreement 4 years CCP 337
Breach of Oral Partnership Agreement 2 years CCP 339
Breach of Fiduciary Duty 4 years (or 3 years from discovery) CCP 343
Fraud 3 years from discovery CCP 338(d)
Accounting 4 years from accrual CCP 337
7. Alternative Dispute Resolution

Many partnership agreements require mediation or arbitration before litigation:

  • Mediation: Non-binding facilitated negotiation; often required as first step
  • Arbitration: Binding private adjudication; check if agreement requires it
  • Advantages: Privacy, speed, potentially lower cost, preservation of relationship
  • Disadvantages: Limited discovery, no appeal rights in arbitration, may favor well-funded party
Attorney Services
Need Help With Your Partnership Dispute?

Partnership disputes can be complex and high-stakes. I help partners protect their interests, enforce their rights, and navigate the complexities of California partnership law. Whether you need help demanding an accounting, negotiating a buyout, or pursuing litigation for breach of fiduciary duty, I can provide experienced guidance.

How I Can Help
  • Case Evaluation: I review your partnership agreement, assess the strength of your claims, and advise on the best strategy for achieving your goals
  • Demand Letter Drafting: I prepare legally compelling demand letters that clearly articulate your rights and set the stage for resolution or litigation
  • Accounting Actions: I file petitions for judicial accounting to force disclosure of partnership finances
  • Fiduciary Duty Claims: I pursue claims against partners who have breached their fiduciary duties, seeking disgorgement, damages, and other remedies
  • Buyout Negotiations: I negotiate fair buyout terms when you want to exit the partnership or remove a problematic partner
  • Dissolution Proceedings: I file for judicial dissolution when the partnership relationship has become unworkable
  • Litigation: I represent partners in Superior Court litigation when negotiation fails
  • Mediation and Arbitration: I represent partners in alternative dispute resolution proceedings
Common Cases I Handle
  • Managing partner refusing to distribute profits
  • Partner self-dealing or competing with partnership
  • Exclusion from partnership management and financial records
  • Disputes over capital contributions and ownership percentages
  • Partner buyout valuation disagreements
  • Wrongful expulsion from partnership
  • Partnership dissolution and winding up
  • Breach of partnership agreement claims
When to Consult an Attorney
Consider consulting an attorney if:
  • Your partner is refusing to provide access to partnership financial records
  • You believe your partner has breached fiduciary duties
  • Profits are not being distributed according to your agreement
  • You are being excluded from partnership management decisions
  • You want to exit the partnership and need to negotiate a buyout
  • Your partner is threatening to expel you from the partnership
  • The partnership agreement is unclear about your rights
  • You are considering forming a partnership and need agreement drafting
Schedule a Consultation

Book a call to discuss your partnership dispute. I will review your situation, explain your legal options, and advise on the best strategy for protecting your interests.

Contact Information

Email: owner@terms.law

Frequently Asked Questions
Under California Corporations Code Section 16404, partners owe each other three main fiduciary duties: (1) the duty of loyalty, which requires partners to account for partnership property, refrain from self-dealing, and not compete with the partnership; (2) the duty of care, which requires partners to avoid grossly negligent, reckless, or intentional misconduct; and (3) the obligation of good faith and fair dealing. These duties cannot be eliminated by the partnership agreement, though specific activities may be authorized if not manifestly unreasonable.
Under Corporations Code Section 16403(b), each partner has the right to inspect and copy partnership books and records at any reasonable time. If your partner refuses to provide access, you should first send a formal written demand citing this statute. If the refusal continues, you can file a petition in Superior Court for a judicial accounting under Section 16405. The court can order disclosure and may award you attorney's fees and costs. In extreme cases, the court may appoint a receiver to take control of partnership records.
Yes. Under Corporations Code Section 16801(5), you can petition the court for judicial dissolution if: (A) the economic purpose of the partnership is likely to be unreasonably frustrated; (B) another partner's conduct makes it not reasonably practicable to carry on business with that partner; or (C) it is otherwise not reasonably practicable to carry on the partnership in conformity with the partnership agreement. Courts will consider factors such as deadlock, breach of fiduciary duty, loss of trust, and inability to operate the business effectively.
Under Corporations Code Section 16701, the buyout price equals the amount that would be distributable to the partner if the partnership were dissolved on the dissociation date, based on either liquidation value or the greater value based on the right to share in distributions. This typically includes the partner's share of net assets plus goodwill. If the partners cannot agree on value, either party can petition the court for a determination. The court may order an independent appraisal. Interest accrues on the buyout price from the date of dissociation.
Multiple remedies are available for breach of fiduciary duty. You can recover compensatory damages for losses caused by the breach. You can also seek disgorgement of all profits the breaching partner obtained, regardless of whether you suffered actual harm. The court can impose a constructive trust on assets wrongfully obtained and order them transferred to the partnership. In cases of intentional or malicious breach, punitive damages may be awarded. You can also seek injunctive relief to stop ongoing wrongful conduct and an accounting to determine all amounts owed.
Expulsion is limited under California law. Under Corporations Code Section 16601(4), a partner may be expelled only: (1) pursuant to the partnership agreement's expulsion provisions; (2) by unanimous vote of the other partners in limited circumstances (when carrying on with the partner becomes unlawful, after transfer of substantially all of the partner's interest, or within 90 days after a charging order); or (3) by court order for specified misconduct. If you are wrongfully expelled, you may have claims for breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty, and you are entitled to a buyout of your interest at fair value.
The limitations period depends on the type of claim. Breach of a written partnership agreement has a 4-year statute of limitations. Breach of an oral agreement has a 2-year period. Breach of fiduciary duty claims generally have a 4-year period, but the clock may not start until you discover or should have discovered the breach. Fraud claims have a 3-year period from discovery. Accounting claims generally have a 4-year period. It is important to act promptly when you discover potential claims, as delay can bar your rights.
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California Partnership Dispute Law: Your Rights Under RUPA

California's Revised Uniform Partnership Act (Corporations Code Sections 16100-16962) provides comprehensive protection for partners in business disputes. Partners owe each other the highest fiduciary duties, including duties of loyalty, care, and good faith. When these duties are breached, California law provides powerful remedies including disgorgement of profits, compensatory and punitive damages, and judicial dissolution.

Key Partner Rights Under California Law

Common Partnership Dispute Claims