Idioma: 🇺🇸 🇲🇽 🇷🇺
Propietario Cartas de Demanda for Unpaid Rent

Pre-Desalojo Rent Demandas for California Residential Propietarios

California Rent Collection & Desalojo Law
Pre-Desalojo Cartas de Demanda: Before filing an unlawful detainer (desalojo) demanda judicial, California propietarios must serve inquilinos with aviso por escrito demanding payment of rent. While the 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit (CCP § 1161) is the formal legal notice required before desalojo, an informal carta de demanda can often resolve the issue faster and preserve the propietario-inquilino relationship.
Types of Rent Notices
Notice Type Purpose Legal Effect
Informal Carta de Demanda Friendly reminder or firm demand for rent; not required by law No legal effect; cannot be used as basis for desalojo
3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit (CCP § 1161) Formal notice required before filing unlawful detainer Legally required; gives inquilino 3 días to pay or vacate
30-Day / 60-Day / 90-Day Notice Terminación of tenancy (no cause required in non-just-cause jurisdictions) Used to end month-to-month tenancies, not for rent collection
3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit (CCP § 1161)

This is the formal statutory notice required before filing an unlawful detainer demanda judicial:

  • When Required: Inquilino has failed to pay rent when due
  • Form Requirements: Must state exact amount of rent owed, period for which rent is due, demand for payment dentro de 3 días or inquilino must vacate
  • Service: Must be served personally, by substituted service, or by posting and mailing
  • Timing: Inquilino has 3 días (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and tribunal holidays) to pay full amount or vacate
  • Payment: If inquilino pays full amount dentro de 3 días, tenancy is reinstated and propietario cannot proceed with desalojo
⚠️ Strict Cumplimiento Required: 3-Day Notices must strictly comply with CCP § 1161. Any error (incorrect rent amount, wrong address, improper service) voids the notice and requires starting over. Many propietarios use abogado-prepared forms to avoid costly mistakes.
AB 1482: Statewide Rent Cap & Just Cause Desalojo

California's Inquilino Protection Act (código civil § 1946.2) imposes restrictions on evictions statewide:

  • Covered Properties: Applies to most residential properties over 15 years old (exemptions: single-family homes, condos if owner gives notice, new construction after 2/1/2020)
  • Just Cause Required: Propietarios can only evict for specific "at-fault" reasons (nonpayment of rent, contrato de arrendamiento violacións, molestia, illegal activity) or "no-fault" reasons (owner move-in, substantial remodel, withdrawal from rental market)
  • Relocation Assistance: No-fault evictions require one month's rent in relocation assistance
  • Rent Cap: Annual rent increases capped at 5% + CPI (max 10% total)
Nonpayment Is At-Fault Just Cause: falta de pago rent is a valid "at-fault" just cause for desalojo under AB 1482. Propietarios need not provide relocation assistance or additional justification when evicting for nonpayment.
Local Ordinances: Rent Control & Desalojo Protections

Many California cities have stricter rules than state law:

  • Los Angeles: Rent Stabilization Ordinance (RSO) limits rent increases and requires just cause; inquilinos can pay dentro de 5 días of 3-Day Notice without propietario being able to proceed
  • San Francisco: Rent control, just cause, and strict notice requirements; 3-Day Notices must include specific language about inquilino rights
  • Oakland, Berkeley, San Jose, Santa Monica: Various rent control and just cause desalojo protections
⚠️ Check Local Rules: Always verify local desalojo ordinances before serving notices or filing unlawful detainer. incumplimiento with local requirements can result in dismissal of desalojo case.
Rent Collection Strategy: Informal Demandas vs. Formal Notices
When to Use Informal Cartas de Demanda

Advantages:

  • Preserve Relationship: Friendly tone maintains good propietario-inquilino relationship if inquilino has temporary financial difficulty
  • Faster Resolution: Inquilino may respond more cooperatively to informal reminder than formal legal notice
  • Flexibility: Can offer payment plans or negotiate solutions without triggering formal desalojo process
  • Lower Risk: Avoids technical errors that could void a 3-Day Notice

Best For:

  • First-time late rent (inquilino normally pays on time)
  • Short delays (rent is 3-7 días late)
  • Inquilino has communicated legitimate hardship (job loss, medical emergency)
  • Long-term, reliable inquilinos with good payment history
  • Situations where you're willing to negotiate a payment plan
When to Serve 3-Day Notice (Skip Informal Demand)

Serve Formal Notice Immediately When:

  • Inquilino is chronically late (repeated pattern of nonpayment)
  • Inquilino has ignored prior informal demands
  • Rent is 10+ days late with no communication from inquilino
  • Inquilino has violated other contrato de arrendamiento terms además de nonpayment
  • You have already offered payment plans or accommodations that inquilino failed to honor
  • Inquilino is actively avoiding you (not responding to calls, emails, or texts)
  • You need to start the desalojo clock immediately (e.g., property is in ejecución hipotecaria, you need unit vacant by specific date)
Late Fees & Additional Charges

California law allows late fees if specified in the contrato de arrendamiento and reasonable:

  • Reasonableness: Late fees must reasonably reflect propietario's administrative costs and daños from late payment
  • Typical Amounts: $25-$75 tarifa fija, or 5-10% of monthly rent
  • Grace Periods: Many leases provide 3-5 day grace period before late fees accrue
  • Daily Fees: Some leases charge daily late fees (e.g., $10/day after grace period)
⚠️ Cannot Include Late Fees in 3-Day Notice: CCP § 1161.1 prohibits including late fees, interest, or other charges in the rent amount stated on a 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit. Only actual rent owed can be demanded. You can sue for late fees separately in tribunal de reclamaciones menores or unlimited civil tribunal.
Payment Plans: Pros & Cons

Benefits of Offering Payment Plans:

  • Avoid costs and delays of desalojo (cuota de presentacións, abogado fees, lost rent during vacancy)
  • Maintain occupancy and cash flow (even partial rent is better than zero while unit is vacant)
  • Preserve relationship with otherwise good inquilino
  • Avoid potential defenses inquilino might raise in desalojo (habitabilidad, represalia, discriminación)

Risks of Payment Plans:

  • Inquilino may default on payment plan, further delaying desalojo
  • Creates precedent that inquilino can pay late without consequences
  • Other inquilinos may see leniency and also pay late
  • Continuars tenancy with financially unreliable inquilino who may default again
Best Practice: If offering a payment plan, put it in writing as a formal agreement specifying: exact payment amounts, due dates, acceleration clause (full balance due immediately if inquilino misses any payment), inquilino's acknowledgment they are in default, waiver of any defenses, and stipulation that propietario can proceed with desalojo immediately if plan is violated.
Partial Payments: Waiver Risk
⚠️ Accepting Partial Payment Can Void 3-Day Notice: If you serve a 3-Day Notice and then accept any partial payment, you may waive your right to proceed with desalojo based on that notice. If you want to accept partial payment, either: (1) wait until after 3-day period expires and inquilino has vacated or (2) have inquilino sign stipulation that partial payment does not waive notice.
How to Write an Effective Rent Carta de Demanda
Two Approaches: Friendly vs. Firm
Friendly Approach: Use for first-time late payers or inquilinos with good history. Tone is polite but clear. Offers assistance (payment plan) while stating consequences if rent not paid.
Firm Approach: Use for repeat offenders or when inquilino has ignored prior demands. Tone is formal and direct. States exact amount owed, deadline for payment, and consequences (formal 3-Day Notice and desalojo).
Essential Components
Component What to Include
Header Your name/property management company, address, phone, email; inquilino name and unit address
Subject Line "Rent Payment Demand" or "Notice of Past Due Rent"
Amount Owed Exact rent amount owed and rental period (e.g., "$2,500 for December 2024 rent")
Due Date Original rent due date and number of days late
Late Fees Late fee amount if applicable (cite contrato de arrendamiento provision)
Deadline Specific date by which payment must be received (typically 5-10 días from letter date)
Payment Method How to pay (check, online portal, wire transfer, etc.)
Consequences State that falta de pago will result in 3-Day Notice and desalojo proceedings
Contacto Info Invite inquilino to contact you to discuss payment arrangements
Delivery Method
  • Email + Hard Copiar: Enviar via email (if you have inquilino's email) and deliver hard copy
  • Posted on Door + Mailed: Tape to inquilino's door and send via first-class mail
  • correo certificado (Optional): For firm demands, use correo certificado to create paper trail
  • Text Message (Supplemental): If you communicate with inquilino via text, send brief text alerting them to check email or door for important notice
What NOT to Include
  • Threats: Never threaten to lock out inquilino, shut off utilities, or remove their property (all illegal under código civil § 789.3)
  • Personal Attacks: Avoid insulting or demeaning language
  • Unenforceable Demandas: Don't demand inquilino move out immediately (must follow desalojo process)
  • Incorrect Amounts: Double-check calculations; errors undermine credibility
  • Legal Advice: Don't advise inquilino on their legal rights or suggest they don't need an abogado
Follow-Up Timeline
Day Action
Día 1 Enviar informal carta de demanda
Day 3-5 Follow up with phone call or email if no response
Day 7-10 If deadline passes with no payment, prepare 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit
Day 11-14 Serve 3-Day Notice (personally, substituted service, or post-and-mail)
Day 17+ If inquilino fails to pay within 3-day period, file unlawful detainer demanda judicial
Sample Rent Cartas de Demanda
Sample 1: Friendly Reminder (First-Time Late)
[Your Name / Property Management Company] [Address] [Phone] [Email] [Date] [Inquilino Name] [Rental Property Address] [City, State ZIP] RE: Reminder – Rent Payment Past Due Dear [Inquilino Name]: I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to remind you that your rent payment for [Month Year] in the amount of $[Rent Amount] was due on [Due Date] and has not yet been received. As of today, [Current Date], your rent is [X] days past due. I understand that unexpected circumstances can arise, and I wanted to reach out before taking any formal action. If you are experiencing financial difficulty, please contact me as soon as possible so we can discuss possible arrangements. AMOUNT DUE: Rent for [Month Year]: $[Amount] Late Fee (per contrato de arrendamiento § [X]): $[Late Fee] Total Amount Due: $[Total] PAYMENT DEADLINE: Please submit full payment by [Deadline Date, typically 5-7 días from letter]. You may submit payment via: • Online portal: [URL] • Check payable to [Your Name], mailed to [Address] • [Other payment methods] If payment is not received by [Deadline Date], I will be required to serve you with a formal 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit, which is the first step in the desalojo process. I value you as a inquilino and hope we can resolve this matter quickly. Please feel free to contact me at [Phone] or [Email] to discuss this. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. Atentamente, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] [Title, if applicable]
Sample 2: Firm Demand (Repeat Late Payer)
[Your Name / Property Management Company] [Address] [Phone] [Email] [Date] [Inquilino Name] [Rental Property Address] [City, State ZIP] SENT VIA EMAIL AND correo certificado RE: FINAL DEMANDA FOR PAYMENT OF PAST DUE RENT Dear [Inquilino Name]: This letter constitutes a final demand for payment of past due rent for the rental property located at [Address]. As of [Date], you owe the following: PAST DUE RENT: • [Mes 1 Year]: $[Amount] • [Month 2 Year]: $[Amount] (if applicable) • [Month 3 Year]: $[Amount] (if applicable) SUBTOTAL RENT OWED: $[Rent Subtotal] LATE FEES: • Late fees per contrato de arrendamiento agreement: $[Late Fee Amount] TOTAL AMOUNT DUE: $[Total Amount] Your rent has been past due for [X] days. This is the [second/third/fourth] time in the past [timeframe] that your rent has been late. On [Prior Date(s)], I sent you [informal carta de demandas / payment reminders] regarding prior late payments. Under the terms of your contrato de arrendamiento agreement dated [Contrato de Arrendamiento Date], rent is due on the [1st] of each month. falta de pago rent when due is a material breach of the contrato de arrendamiento. DEADLINE FOR PAYMENT: You must pay the full amount of $[Total] by [Deadline Date – typically 5-7 días]. Payment must be received by this date – postmarks will not be accepted. Payment must be made via: • [Cashier's check or money order] payable to [Your Name] • Delivered to: [Address] [OR: Online portal / wire transfer instructions] CONSEQUENCES OF NON-PAYMENT: If full payment is not received by [Deadline Date], I will immediately serve you with a 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit de conformidad con California Code of Civil Procedure § 1161. If you fail to pay dentro de 3 días of service of that notice or fail to vacate the premises, I will file an unlawful detainer (desalojo) demanda judicial against you. An desalojo judgment will: • Require you to vacate the property • Result in a money judgment against you for all rent owed, tribunal costs, and abogado fees • Damage your credit and rental history, making it difficult to rent in the future • Potentially result in wage garnishment and bank levies to collect the judgment I am not willing to negotiate further payment plans at this time due to your history of late payments and failure to honor prior arrangements. Pay the full amount owed by [Deadline Date] or face desalojo proceedings. If you have any questions, contact me at [Phone] or [Email]. Atentamente, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] [Title]
Sample 3: Demand with Payment Plan Offer
[Your Name / Property Management Company] [Address] [Phone] [Email] [Date] [Inquilino Name] [Rental Property Address] [City, State ZIP] RE: Past Due Rent and Payment Plan Option Dear [Inquilino Name]: I am writing regarding your past due rent for [Month(s) Year]. As of [Date], you owe: Rent for [Month Year]: $[Amount] Late Fee: $[Amount] Total Due: $[Total] I understand you are experiencing financial hardship due to [job loss / medical emergency / etc., if you know]. I want to work with you to resolve this matter without resorting to formal desalojo proceedings. PAYMENT PLAN OPTION: I am willing to offer you a payment plan with the following terms: 1. Immediate Payment: Pay $[Amount] by [Date] as a good-faith down payment 2. Installment 1: Pay $[Amount] by [Date] 3. Installment 2: Pay $[Amount] by [Date] 4. Installment 3: Pay $[Amount] by [Date] Adicionalmente, you must continue paying your current monthly rent of $[Amount] on time on the 1st of each month going forward. PAYMENT PLAN AGREEMENT: If you wish to accept this payment plan, you must: • Sign the attached Payment Plan Agreement and return it to me by [Date] • Make the first payment of $[Amount] by [Date] CONSEQUENCES OF DEFAULT: If you miss any payment under this plan or fail to pay current rent on time, the entire balance will become immediately due and I will proceed with serving a 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit and filing an unlawful detainer action. ALTERNATIVE: FULL PAYMENT If you are able to pay the full amount of $[Total] by [Date], I will waive the late fees and we can put this matter behind us. Please contact me by [Date] to confirm whether you will accept the payment plan, pay in full, or if you need to discuss other options. If I do not hear from you by [Date], I will proceed with serving a formal 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit. Atentamente, [Your Signature] [Your Printed Name] Enclosure: Payment Plan Agreement
The Desalojo Process: From 3-Day Notice to Judgment
Step 1: Serve 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit

If informal demand fails, serve formal statutory notice:

  • Content: Must state exact rent amount owed, rental period, demand for payment dentro de 3 días OR inquilino must vacate
  • Service Methods: Personal service (hand to inquilino), substituted service (another person at residence + mail), or post-and-mail (post on door + mail)
  • 3-Day Calculation: Excludes Saturdays, Sundays, and tribunal holidays; if served on Friday, inquilino has until Wednesday of following week
⚠️ Common Errors That Void 3-Day Notices: • Including late fees or other charges (only rent can be demanded) • Incorrect rent amount • Demanding more rent than actually owed • Improper service (must follow CCP § 1162 exactly) • Not allowing inquilino option to pay (e.g., saying "vacate immediately")
Step 2: Wait for 3-Day Period to Expire
  • Cannot file unlawful detainer until 3-day period expires
  • If inquilino pays full amount during 3-day period, tenancy is reinstated and you cannot proceed with desalojo
  • If inquilino pays partial amount, you can accept it (voiding the notice) or reject it and proceed with desalojo
Step 3: File Unlawful Detainer Demanda Judicial

If inquilino fails to pay or vacate dentro de 3 días, file desalojo demanda judicial in superior tribunal:

  • Forms: Demanda (UD-100), Summons (SUM-130), Civil Case Cover Sheet (CM-010)
  • Cuota de Presentación: Approximately $240-$435 depending on county
  • Service: Must serve inquilino with summons and demanda (personal service, substituted service, or posting)
Step 4: Inquilino's Response (5 Days)

Inquilino has 5 calendar days to file written response (Answer):

  • Common Defenses: Habitabilidad violacións, represalia, discriminación, improper notice, rent already paid, breach of garantía
  • If Inquilino Doesn't Answer: Propietario can request default judgment (automatic win)
  • If Inquilino Answers: Case proceeds to trial
Step 5: Trial (Typically 20-30 Days After Filing)

Unlawful detainer trials are expedited:

  • Propietario must prove inquilino failed to pay rent and proper notice was served
  • Inquilino can raise defenses (habitabilidad, represalia, etc.)
  • If propietario wins: tribunal issues judgment for possession and money daños (rent owed + tribunal costs)
  • If inquilino wins: case dismissed and inquilino can remain
Step 6: Writ of Possession & Sheriff Lockout

If propietario obtains judgment:

  • Propietario requests Writ of Possession from tribunal
  • Sheriff posts 5-Day Notice to Vacate on inquilino's door
  • If inquilino doesn't leave, sheriff physically removes inquilino and belongings
  • Propietario can change locks after sheriff lockout
Total Timeline
Step Timeframe
3-Day Notice 3 días
File Unlawful Detainer 1-2 días
Serve Inquilino 3-5 días
Inquilino's Response Period 5 días
Trial 20-40 días from filing
Writ & Sheriff Lockout 10-15 días after judgment
Total: Uncontested Case 30-45 días
Total: Contested Case 60-90 días
COVID-19 & Inquilino Protections: California's COVID-19 desalojo moratoriums have largely expired, but some local ordinances remain in effect. Check local rules before filing unlawful detainer, especially if inquilino claims inability to pay due to COVID-related hardship.
Servicios de Abogado for Propietarios
Need Help Collecting Rent or Evicting a Inquilino?

I represent residential propietarios in rent collection, desalojo proceedings, and propietario-inquilino disputes. I can draft carta de demandas, prepare and serve 3-Day Notices, file unlawful detainer lawsuits, and represent you at trial.

How I Can Help
  • Rent Cartas de Demanda: I draft professional carta de demandas that maximize your chance of collecting rent without desalojo
  • 3-Day Notice Preparation: I prepare legally compliant 3-Day Notices to Pay Rent or Quit that avoid common errors that void notices
  • Service of Process: I arrange proper service of 3-Day Notices and unlawful detainer summons/demandas to ensure legal cumplimiento
  • Unlawful Detainer Filing: I prepare and file all unlawful detainer documents, handle service, and manage tribunal deadlines
  • Default Judgments: If inquilino doesn't respond, I obtain default judgment and Writ of Possession quickly
  • Trial Representation: I represent you at trial, present evidencia, cross-examine witnesses, and argue su caso
  • Appeals: If inquilino appeals, I defend the judgment in appellate tribunal
  • Post-Judgment Collection: I pursue collection of money judgments through wage garnishment, bank levies, and property liens
Unlawful Detainer Servicios

I handle all aspects of residential evictions:

  • Nonpayment of Rent: 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit for unpaid rent
  • Contrato de Arrendamiento Violacións: 3-Day Notice to Cure or Quit for contrato de arrendamiento violacións (unauthorized occupants, pets, molestia)
  • No-Cause Terminación: 30/60/90-Day Notices for month-to-month tenancies (where permitted)
  • Owner Move-In: AB 1482 compliant notices for owner/family move-in evictions
  • Molestia & Waste: 3-Day Unconditional Quit notices for serious violacións
Defending Against Inquilino Counterclaims

Inquilinos often raise defenses and counterclaims in desalojo cases:

  • Habitabilidad Defense: Inquilino claims unit is uninhabitable and withholds rent; I establish that reparaciones were made or defects were minor
  • Represalia Claims: Inquilino claims desalojo is represalia for reparación requests or demandas; I prove legitimate nonretaliatory reason for desalojo
  • Discriminación: Inquilino alleges Fair Housing Act violacións; I establish legitimate, non-discriminatory business reason
  • Breach of Quiet Enjoyment: Inquilino claims propietario acoso; I demonstrate proper conduct and adherence to access rules
Flat-Fee Unlawful Detainer Servicios
Transparent Pricing: I offer flat-fee unlawful detainer services for straightforward nonpayment cases. Flat fee typically covers 3-Day Notice preparation, demanda filing, default judgment, and writ of possession. Trial representation and contested cases are billed separately. Contacto me for a quote based on your specific situation.
When to Consult an Abogado

Consider hiring an abogado if:

  • Inquilino has failed to pay rent and informal demands have been ignored
  • You need to serve a legally compliant 3-Day Notice and cannot afford errors
  • Inquilino is likely to contest the desalojo (has hired abogado, raised habitabilidad or represalia defenses)
  • Property is subject to rent control or local just-cause desalojo ordinances
  • You have never handled an unlawful detainer and want guidance through the process
  • Inquilino has filed bankruptcy (automatic stay complicates desalojo)
Schedule a Call

Book a call to discuss your rent collection or desalojo case. I'll review your situation, explain the desalojo timeline, and provide a quote for legal services.

📝 Cree Su Carta de Demanda

Genere una carta de demanda profesional, demanda ante tribunal de CA o demanda de arbitraje

Información de Contacto

Email: owner@terms.law

Preguntas Frecuentes
Sí, if your contrato de arrendamiento specifies late fees and they are reasonable. Sin embargo, you cannot include late fees in the amount demanded on a 3-Day Notice to Pay Rent or Quit—only the actual rent can be included. You can sue for late fees separately in tribunal de reclamaciones menores or include them as daños in the unlawful detainer demanda.
Accepting partial payment after serving a 3-Day Notice can waive your right to proceed with desalojo based on that notice. You have two options: (1) reject the partial payment and proceed with desalojo, or (2) accept the partial payment and serve a new 3-Day Notice for the remaining balance (if inquilino is still in default). Best practice: if inquilino offers partial payment, have them sign a stipulation stating that partial payment does not waive the notice.
Uncontested evictions (inquilino doesn't file answer) typically take 30-45 días from serving the 3-Day Notice to sheriff lockout. Contested evictions (inquilino files answer and asserts defenses) take 60-90 días or longer if the case is complex. Timeline varies by county—some courts schedule trials faster than others. COVID-19 backlogs may cause additional delays in some jurisdictions.
Absolutely not. código civil § 789.3 makes self-help evictions illegal. You cannot lock out the inquilino, shut off utilities, or remove their property, even if they owe rent. The only legal way to evict is through the tribunal process. Illegal lockouts result in automatic statutory daños of $100/day (minimum $250), actual daños, abogado fees, and potential punitive daños.
Habitabilidad defenses are common in desalojo cases. Inquilino must prove: (1) defects substantially affect habitabilidad; (2) they notified you of defects and gave reasonable time to reparación; (3) defects were not caused by inquilino; (4) inquilino did not waive habitabilidad rights. To defend: prove you made reparaciones promptly, defects were minor or cosmetic, inquilino never notified you of issues, or inquilino caused the damage. Document all reparación requests and responses.
It depends. Payment plans can avoid costly evictions and maintain occupancy, but they also prolong tenancy with an unreliable inquilino who may default again. Consider: inquilino's payment history, reason for nonpayment (temporary hardship vs. chronic financial instability), cost of desalojo vs. value of maintaining tenancy, and your risk tolerance. If you do offer a plan, put it in writing with strict terms and an acceleration clause allowing immediate desalojo if inquilino defaults.

Propietario Cartas de Demanda for Unpaid Rent

Before initiating desalojo proceedings, propietarios must typically send a formal demand for unpaid rent. This "pay or quit" notice gives the inquilino a final opportunity to pay before facing desalojo. Proper notice is legally required in most states—skipping this step can delay or derail your desalojo case.

State Notice Requirements

Notice periods vary by state: California requires 3 días, Texas requires 3 días (unless contrato de arrendamiento specifies otherwise), New York requires 14 días for monthly inquilinos, Florida requires 3 días. Some states require specific language. Using the wrong form or period can invalidate your desalojo. Always verify your state's current requirements.

What to Include

Proper Service

How you deliver the notice matters. Most states require personal service, posting and mailing, or correo certificado. Keep proof of service—you'll need it in tribunal. Many propietarios use a process server for desalojo notices to ensure proper documentation.