Most работодательs have multiple legal bases for demanding return of property:
| Source | Typical Language |
|---|---|
| Offer letter / Трудовое Право agreement | "Upon расторжение, Работник agrees to return all Company property, включая, но не ограничиваясь computers, phones, access badges, keys, documents, and data." |
| Работник handbook | "All equipment, materials, and information provided to работникs remain Company property and must be returned immediately upon separation." |
| IT/Acceptable Use Policy | "Работникs have no expectation of privacy in Company devices or systems. All hardware and data must be returned upon request." |
| Конфиденциальныйity agreement | "Работник certifies that upon расторжение, all конфиденциальный information, documents, and materials (physical and electronic) will be returned or destroyed." |
| Separation agreement | "As a condition of severance, Работник agrees to return all Company property and certify destruction of all copies of конфиденциальный information." |
| Legal Theory | Application | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
| нарушение договора | Нарушение of agreement to return property | Requires written contract with clear return obligation |
| Conversion | Wrongful exercise of dominion over your tangible property (laptops, phones, etc.) | Requires intent to deprive you of possession; may not apply to data |
| Trespass to chattels | Wrongful interference with your possessory rights in property | Generally for physical property; digital property is gray area |
| Trade secret misappropriation | Retention of конфиденциальный data = ongoing misappropriation | Must qualify as trade secret under CUTSA/DTSA |
| Computer Мошенничество (CFAA) | Unauthorized access to company systems after расторжение | Narrow application; mainly for hacking or continued system access, not passive retention |
Many agreements require the departing работник/подрядчик to certify that they have:
If your policy includes certification requirements, demand a signed certification statement as part of the return process. This creates powerful доказательства if you later discover they retained data.
| Scenario | Timing |
|---|---|
| Voluntary resignation | Отправить checklist/demand on last day of work or within 24 hours of departure |
| Расторжение for cause | Collect property immediately during расторжение meeting; send formal demand same day |
| Layoff / reduction in force | Collect during exit meeting; send confirmation/demand within 24 hours |
| Подрядчик project completion | Отправить with final payment or as condition of final payment |
| Discovery of missing property post-departure | Отправить immediately upon discovery; delay weakens urgency and may suggest you don't care |
| Industry | Additional Property to Recover |
|---|---|
| Healthcare | Medical devices, pagers, HIPAA-compliant laptops, patient data (must be securely destroyed) |
| Construction / field services | Tools, safety equipment, company vehicles, fuel cards, uniforms |
| Sales | Demo products, sample inventory, client gift inventory, corporate credit cards |
| Tech / software | Development environments, code repositories (ensure no unauthorized forks), API keys |
| Finance | Trading platform access, market data terminal credentials, Bloomberg terminal logins |
Maintain an asset inventory for each работник/подрядчик from day one. Track:
When an работник departs, cross-reference this inventory in your требование to show exactly what's missing.
Even if the работник returns the physical hardware, конфиденциальный data may still exist in multiple locations:
| Location | Risk | How to Address |
|---|---|---|
| Personal devices | Files emailed to personal accounts, downloaded to personal laptop/phone | Demand certification of deletion from all personal devices |
| Personal email | Forwarded company emails containing конфиденциальный info | Demand deletion of all forwarded emails and attachments |
| Personal cloud storage | Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud, OneDrive synced with company files | Demand deletion and certification; may request access to verify if судебный процесс likely |
| External hard drives / USB | Backups or copies made "just in case" | Demand return of all external media and certification that no copies exist |
| Cloud collaboration tools | Slack messages, Notion pages, Asana tasks exported or saved | Revoke access immediately; demand deletion of any offline copies |
| Code repositories | GitHub forks, GitLab mirrors, local git clones on personal machines | Demand deletion of all forks, clones, and local repositories |
Include a certification template in your требование requiring the работник to sign and return:
CERTIFICATION OF RETURN AND DELETION
I, [Работник Name], hereby certify under штраф of perjury that:
- I have returned all Company property, including all hardware, documents, access credentials, and materials listed in Exhibit A;
- I have deleted all Company конфиденциальный information, documents, files, and data from my personal devices, including computers, phones, tablets, USB drives, and external hard drives;
- I have deleted all Company emails, attachments, and data from my personal email accounts (including [list specific accounts if known]);
- I have deleted all Company data from my personal cloud storage accounts, including Dropbox, Google Drive, iCloud, OneDrive, and any other cloud services;
- I have not retained any copies, backups, or derivatives of Company конфиденциальный information in any form or location;
- I have not disclosed any Company конфиденциальный information to third parties, including my new работодатель;
- I will not access any Company systems, accounts, or data after the date of this certification.
Signed: _________________________
Date: _________________________
If the работник used a personal device for work under a BYOD policy, you face additional challenges:
| Issue | Solution |
|---|---|
| Can't demand return of personal device | Demand deletion of company data and apps; if company used MDM (mobile device management), remotely wipe corporate partition |
| Commingled personal and work data | Demand deletion of work data only; cannot force deletion of personal data |
| Нет visibility into соблюдение | Require written certification; reserve right to pursue forensic verification if судебный процесс ensues |
| Работник refuses to delete | Pursue trade secret misappropriation требование and seek суд order |
There's a tension between demanding deletion and preserving доказательства for судебный процесс:
Preservation notice language:
You are hereby instructed to preserve all доказательства related to your access, use, and retention of [Company]'s конфиденциальный information and property, including:
- All devices (computers, phones, tablets, USB drives) that may contain Company data;
- All emails, text messages, and electronic communications;
- All cloud storage accounts and file-sharing services;
- All documents, files, and data in any format.
Do not delete, alter, or destroy any of these materials. Failure to preserve доказательства may result in sanctions, including adverse inference instructions and spoliation штрафы.
Dear [Former Работник/Подрядчик]:
As you are aware, your employment with [Company] ended on [date]. в соответствии с [Трудовое Право Agreement / Работник Handbook / IT Policy] Section [X], you обязаны return all Company property immediately upon расторжение.
Our records indicate that you have not yet returned the following items:
Item Описание / Serial Number Value Laptop MacBook Pro 16", Serial: C02X12345678 $2,800 iPhone iPhone 14 Pro, IMEI: 123456789012345 $1,200 Access badge Badge #4521 $50 Итого Value: $4,050 ТРЕБОВАНИЕS:
- Return all items listed above to [Company Address, Attn: [Контакт Name]] by [specific date, typically 10 days from letter];
- Complete and return the attached Certification of Return and Deletion, confirming that you have deleted all Company data from personal devices and cloud storage; and
- Контакт [IT Контакт Name] at [email/phone] to arrange return logistics. We will provide a prepaid shipping label upon request.
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE:
If you fail to return the property by the deadline, [Company] will pursue all available legal remedies, including:
- A требование for conversion and взыскание of the fair market value of unreturned property ($[total value]);
- Trade secret misappropriation claims for retained конфиденциальный data;
- Withholding of final paycheck [if permitted by state law] to offset the value of unreturned property;
- Адвокатs' fees and costs; and
- Referral to law enforcement if appropriate.
Please contact me immediately if you have any questions.
С уважением,
[Sender Name / HR Director / Адвокат]
| Approach | When to Use | Образец Текста |
|---|---|---|
| Cooperative | Amicable departure, valued former работник, likely just forgot | "We know you've been busy with your transition. As a reminder, please return the following items at your earliest convenience..." |
| Firm but professional | Standard departure, property not returned within reasonable time | "в соответствии с your contractual obligations, you must return all Company property by [date]. Failure to do so will result in [consequences]." |
| Aggressive | Расторжение for cause, suspected theft, unresponsive to initial requests | "Your failure to return Company property constitutes conversion. We will pursue immediate legal action, including claims for убытки, адвокатs' fees, and potential criminal referral." |
When requesting return or forensic imaging of devices, be mindful of privacy concerns:
| Situation | Privacy Concern | Balanced Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Company-issued device (no personal use allowed) | Minimal—работник had no expectation of privacy | Demand immediate return; forensic imaging is permissible |
| Company device with incidental personal use | Some personal data may exist (personal emails, photos) | Offer neutral third-party imaging with filter protocols to exclude personal data |
| BYOD (personal device with company data) | High—significant personal data commingled | Cannot demand return of device; can only demand deletion of company data and certification |
If судебный процесс is likely and you need to verify data deletion:
To verify your соблюдение with the return and deletion obligations, we propose the following protocol:
- You will deliver the laptop to [Neutral Forensic Firm], a mutually agreed-upon third-party forensic examiner;
- The examiner will create a forensic image of the device and search for Company-related data using the following search terms: [list specific terms, file extensions, email domains];
- The examiner will filter out personal data unrelated to [Company] business, including personal emails (non-Company domains), personal photos, and privileged адвокат communications;
- The examiner will provide a report to [Company] identifying any Company data found on the device, without disclosing your personal information;
- [Company] will bear the cost of the forensic examination.
This protocol protects your privacy while allowing us to verify соблюдение with your contractual obligations.
If you have remote wipe capabilities (via MDM or "Find My" features), consider these factors:
| Factor | Consideration |
|---|---|
| Legal right to wipe | Your IT policy should reserve right to remotely wipe company-issued devices |
| Preservation concern | If you may need to prove data theft, wiping destroys доказательства—consider imaging first |
| BYOD devices | You can wipe corporate partition/apps, but cannot wipe entire personal device without consent |
| Notice to работник | Best practice: notify работник before wiping to avoid claims of destruction of personal data |
I assist companies in recovering property and конфиденциальный data from former работникs and подрядчикs. I draft требованиеs, coordinate forensic imaging, negotiate return protocols, and pursue судебный процесс for conversion and trade secret misappropriation when necessary.
Контакт me for a consultation. I'll draft a требование, coordinate return logistics, and if necessary, pursue legal action to recover your property and data.
Email: owner@terms.lawGenerate a professional требование, CA суд исковое заявление, or арбитраж demand