I handle FMLA cases regularly and want to clarify some important points about termination during medical leave. The Family and Medical Leave Act (29 USC Section 2601 et seq.) provides eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year for serious health conditions. Firing someone while they are on approved FMLA leave creates a strong presumption of retaliation.
However, the FMLA does not make employees immune from termination. An employer can lawfully terminate an employee on FMLA leave if they can show the termination would have occurred regardless of the leave. For example, if a company-wide layoff was already planned and documented before the leave began, that is a legitimate defense. The key question in every case is whether the leave was a motivating factor in the termination decision.
Damages in FMLA cases can include back pay, front pay, liquidated damages (double damages for willful violations), and attorney fees. I recommend filing an EEOC charge as well if there are any disability discrimination aspects, as this preserves your right to pursue both federal claims simultaneously. The statute of limitations for FMLA claims is two years (three years for willful violations), so do not delay in consulting with an employment attorney.