Updated for 2025 enforcement actions

Thailand Legal Hub
for Foreign Expats

Statute-backed legal guides for property ownership, business formation, visas, marriage, and taxes. Understand what's legal, what's criminal, and what the 2024-2025 nominee crackdowns mean for you.

50+
Legal Guides
100+
Statute Citations
9
Topic Pillars
2025
Law Updates
⚠️

Active Enforcement Wave: 2024-2025

Thai authorities are conducting major crackdowns on nominee structures in Phuket, Pattaya, Koh Samui, and across tourist provinces. Criminal penalties include up to 3 years imprisonment under FBA §36 and up to 2 years under Land Code §113. See recent raids →

Legal Topics for Expats

Nine comprehensive pillars covering the most important legal issues foreigners face in Thailand

🏠

Property & Land Ownership

Can foreigners own land? Houses? Condos?

  • Land Code §86: Foreign ownership prohibition Key
  • §96 bis: The 40M THB investment exception
  • 30-year leasehold + superficies structure
  • Condo foreign quota (49% rule)
  • Penalties: §111-113 (2 years prison)
💼

Business & Nominee Risks

FBA restrictions and why nominees fail

  • Foreign Business Act Lists 1, 2, 3 Key
  • FBA §36-37: Nominee criminal penalties
  • "2 of 3 directors" myth debunked
  • BOI promotion pathways
  • Treaty of Amity (US citizens)
✈️

Visas & Immigration

DTV, LTR, Elite, retirement, marriage visas

  • DTV 5-year digital nomad visa New
  • LTR 10-year visa categories
  • Thailand Elite membership
  • Retirement visa requirements
  • Work permit vs. remote work
💍

Marriage & Family

What marriage does NOT give you

  • Thai spouse ≠ land ownership rights Myth
  • Prenuptial agreements
  • Sin Sod (dowry) legal status
  • Divorce & child custody
  • Inheritance planning for expats
💰

Tax for Expats

Residency rules, remittance changes

  • 180-day tax residency rule
  • 2024 remittance tax changes New
  • US-Thailand double tax treaty
  • Property transfer taxes
  • Crypto & digital asset taxation
👔

Employment & Labor

Restricted jobs, work permits

  • Restricted occupations list
  • Work permit application process
  • Hiring staff & payroll
  • Freelancing legal gray zones
  • Teaching visa requirements
🌿

Cannabis & CBD Laws

2024-2025 regulatory whiplash

  • 2025 legal status update Changing
  • Medical cannabis access for foreigners
  • CBD products: import & sale rules
  • Cannabis business licensing
  • Foreigner-specific risks
⚠️

Criminal Tripwires

Defamation, vaping, disputes

  • Criminal defamation (§326-333) Risk
  • Computer Crime Act & online speech
  • Vaping & e-cigarette seizures
  • Police reports for foreigners
  • Dispute resolution basics
🏦

Banking & Practical

Bank accounts, transfers, daily life

  • Opening a Thai bank account
  • AML/KYC account freezes
  • International money transfers
  • Thai driver's license
  • Health insurance requirements

Nominee Crackdown Timeline

Thai authorities have dramatically increased enforcement against foreign nominee structures. DSI, CIB, and local police are conducting coordinated raids across tourist provinces. Convictions are happening with real prison sentences and company dissolutions.

View Full Enforcement Tracker →
Oct 2025
Koh Samui & Koh Phangan — Major sweep targeting hundreds of suspected nominee businesses
Sep 2024
Criminal Court — 23 offenders convicted in nominee case; fines + suspended prison terms
Jun 2024
Phuket — DSI raids three nominee companies, arrests intermediaries
May 2024
Phuket — 100s of Russian nominee companies broken up (AP News)
May 2025
Pattaya — Chinese real estate office raided; FBA + work permit violations

Key Thai Statutes for Foreigners

The specific laws with section numbers that every expat should know

📜 Land Code §86

Aliens generally prohibited from owning land in Thailand, subject to narrow treaty exceptions.

Prohibition

📜 Land Code §96 bis

Exception allowing up to 1 rai for residence with 40M THB qualifying investment + ministerial approval.

Rare Exception

📜 Land Code §111-113

Criminal penalties for violations: acquiring land as agent for alien, misuse of permitted land.

Up to 2 Years Prison

📜 FBA §36

Criminalizes Thai persons acting as nominees to help foreigners circumvent business restrictions.

Up to 3 Years Prison

📜 FBA §37

Penalties for foreigners operating restricted business without proper license/certificate.

Criminal + Civil

📜 CCC §538, §540

Lease registration requirements; maximum 30-year term (longer terms reduce to 30).

Lease Limits

📜 CCC §1410-1416

Superficies: real right to own buildings/structures on another's land.

Legal Pathway

📜 Penal Code §326-333

Criminal defamation provisions frequently used in business and personal disputes.

Criminal Offense

Interactive Legal Tools

Calculators and analyzers to help you understand your options

Need Help with Thai Legal Matters?

This hub provides educational information based on Thai statutes. For specific legal advice, consult a licensed Thai attorney.

Find a Thai Lawyer About Terms.Law