Robo-Advisor Terms Scanner

Analyze automated investment platform terms for fiduciary duty disclaimers, algorithm liability gaps, and tax-loss harvesting risks.

Built by Sergei Tokmakov, California-licensed attorney.

Betterment Wealthfront Schwab Intelligent SoFi Invest

Robo-Advisor Provisions I Check First

Automated investing platforms have unique liability gaps around algorithms and advice. These provisions have caught investors off guard during market downturns.

Fiduciary Duty Disclaimers

High Risk

Many robo-advisors disclaim fiduciary duty despite marketing "personalized advice." Without fiduciary status, they're not legally required to act in your best interest.

Look for: "Our services are not intended as personalized investment advice. We do not act as a fiduciary with respect to your account."

Algorithm Error Liability

High Risk

Robo-advisors disclaim liability for algorithm errors, software glitches, and incorrect tradesβ€”even if the error causes significant losses.

Look for: "We are not responsible for losses resulting from errors in our algorithms, software malfunctions, or incorrect trade executions."

Tax-Loss Harvesting Wash Sale Risk

High Risk

Automated tax-loss harvesting can trigger wash sales if you hold similar investments elsewhere, potentially causing tax liability instead of savings.

Look for: "You are responsible for avoiding wash sales by coordinating across all accounts. We are not liable for wash sale violations."

Rebalancing Timing & Market Risk

Medium Risk

Automatic rebalancing during market volatility can lock in losses. Platforms disclaim responsibility for rebalancing timing decisions.

Look for: "Rebalancing occurs automatically based on predetermined thresholds. We do not guarantee optimal timing of rebalancing transactions."

Cash Drag Disclosure

Medium Risk

Some robo-advisors keep significant cash positions earning minimal interest while charging full advisory fees on total assets including cash.

Look for: "Your portfolio may include cash or cash equivalents. Advisory fees are charged on total portfolio value including cash positions."

Proxy Voting Rights

Medium Risk

Many robo-advisors vote proxies on your behalf without your input, potentially voting against your values on ESG and corporate governance issues.

Look for: "We will vote proxies on your behalf according to our proxy voting policy. You may not direct specific proxy votes."

Standard Legal Provisions

Common terms in robo-advisor agreements affecting your investment rights.

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Arbitration Clauses

Investment disputes through FINRA or private arbitration.

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Class Action Waivers

Cannot join group lawsuits over investment losses.

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Fee Structures

Advisory fees, expense ratios, and hidden costs.

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Performance Disclaimers

Past performance not indicative of future results.

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Strategy Changes

Investment strategies can change without notice.

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SIPC Coverage

Securities investor protection limits and exclusions.

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Electronic Trading

Consent to electronic trade execution.

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Regulatory Status

SEC/FINRA registration and oversight.

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