HOA/condo litigation attorney here. Special assessment disputes are among the most contentious issues in condominium law, and your rights depend heavily on your state condominium act and your association governing documents.
The first thing to check is whether the special assessment was properly authorized. Most state condominium acts and CC&Rs require specific procedures for levying special assessments:
- Board authorization at a properly noticed meeting (check your bylaws for quorum and voting requirements)
- Many states require unit owner approval for assessments exceeding a certain threshold (often 5-10% of the annual budget)
- Written notice to all owners specifying the purpose, amount, and payment schedule
- Some states require a specific waiting period before the assessment becomes due
If the association locked you out or restricted access to common areas as a penalty for non-payment, this may be unlawful. While associations generally have the right to suspend certain privileges (like pool or gym access), they typically cannot restrict access to your unit or essential common elements like hallways, elevators, or parking.
Regarding the assessment amount itself: you have the right to inspect the association financial records, including the bids, contracts, and invoices related to the project being funded by the special assessment. Under most state statutes, the association must make these records available within 5-10 business days of a written request. If the numbers do not add up, you may have grounds to challenge the assessment as unreasonable.
I would recommend requesting a payment plan in writing. Most well-advised associations will offer installment options because forcing a foreclosure over a special assessment creates bad optics and legal risk. If they refuse, consult with an attorney who handles community association disputes in your jurisdiction.