If you have a properly drafted vesting agreement that he signed, his claim is weak. The whole purpose of a cliff is exactly this scenario. However, he might argue:
- Pre-incorporation agreement: If there was an earlier verbal or written agreement about equity before the vesting agreement was signed, he may claim the vesting agreement didn't supersede it. Check if your vesting agreement has an "entire agreement" / merger clause.
- Promissory estoppel: If promises were made before the formal agreement that he relied upon to his detriment.
- Unjust enrichment: If he contributed IP, code, or other value before the vesting agreement was in place.
These claims are all uphill battles against a clear written agreement, but they're not frivolous enough to get dismissed immediately. Your best defense: the signed vesting agreement with an integration clause. If you have one, his chances in court are slim — but he may be hoping for a nuisance settlement.