Certified family mediator and former family law attorney here. The mediation vs. litigation question is one I get asked daily, and the honest answer is that it depends on your specific circumstances -- but mediation should almost always be tried first.
Here is a realistic comparison based on hundreds of cases I have handled:
- Cost: Mediation typically runs $3,000-$7,000 total (split between parties). Contested litigation averages $15,000-$30,000 per side, and complex cases with custody disputes can exceed $50,000 each
- Timeline: Mediation can resolve in 2-4 sessions over 4-8 weeks. Litigation typically takes 8-18 months from filing to final decree
- Control: In mediation, YOU decide the outcome. In litigation, a judge who spent 15 minutes reading your file decides
- Privacy: Mediation is confidential. Court proceedings become public record
- Co-parenting relationship: Mediation preserves (or even improves) the ability to co-parent. Litigation is inherently adversarial and often damages the relationship permanently
That said, mediation is NOT appropriate in every case. If there is domestic violence, substance abuse, significant power imbalances, or if one party is hiding assets, litigation with full discovery powers may be necessary. Also, if your spouse has hired an aggressive attorney who refuses to negotiate in good faith, mediation will likely fail.
Regarding child support specifically: most states use a formulaic calculation based on income, custody percentage, and certain allowed deductions. There is less room to negotiate child support than property division, because courts will not approve agreements that deviate significantly from the guidelines unless there is a compelling reason.
My recommendation: start with mediation. If it does not work after 2-3 sessions, you can always switch to litigation. You cannot switch from litigation back to a collaborative process once the adversarial dynamic is established.